Forest disturbance in hurricane-related downbursts in the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina

Greenberg, Cathryn H.; McNab, W. Henry

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00246-6

Cited by 112 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Soil substrate (e.g., sand) can also influence windthrow potential [32] . However, the vulnerability to windthrow may be related to some unmeasured architectural or morphological feature of trees, such as wood strength, therefore specific wind and site characteristics may also play a role in windthrow potential [50] . Drainage of the soil is essential, since as we suggested, a tree's grip on the soil is lessened when the soil becomes saturated [18] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[101] as well as soil characteristics and topography [29,43,53,72,95,103] . Multiple studies have concluded that the likelihood of damage from winds in southeastern forests is strongly correlated with larger tree diameters [31,35,38,46,50,51,88,97] . More specifically, it has been suggested that larger diameter trees are more likely to be windthrown while smaller trees are more likely to snap [69] .…”

Section: Stand and Site Conditions In Relation To Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher elevations, a study 50] in response to Hurricane Opal (1995), which passed 240 km to the west of Bent Creek Experimental Forest in Asheville, North Carolina, examined the impact on predominantly hardwood forests. Surveys conducted within canopy gaps following the storm found that 17-38% of all live trees in the gaps were windthrown while 8-18% of the trees were broken.…”

Section: Hardwoods and Cypress Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys conducted within canopy gaps following the storm found that 17-38% of all live trees in the gaps were windthrown while 8-18% of the trees were broken. Windthrow most frequently occurred in red oaks (Quercus rubra), with scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) comprising the majority (44-67%) of windthrown trees when present [50] .…”

Section: Hardwoods and Cypress Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Biological Responses of Forests to Tropical Cyclones Affecting the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Coasts

Jeffrey¹

2009

American J. of Environmental Sciences

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Problem Statement: Natural resources within the southern United States have repeatedly been subjected to the impact of tropical cyclones. While the frequency of tropical cyclones hitting either coast varies from year to year, it is crucial for natural resource managers and land owners to be prepared for the damage resulting from such storms. The goal of this review paper is to synthesize previous research and assess how hurricanes impact coastal forests. Approach: In order to understand the impact on forests in this region, an extensive literature review was preformed. The literature review focused primarily on the southern United States' forests but included information from other areas that was pertinent in understanding the impact of strong wind events on forests. Results: Although the literature is not entirely consistent in arriving at factors that can be used to describe or predict potential damage to forests, a number of trends were obvious. Forest damage was found to be a function of tree species, proximity to the eye of the hurricane, stand and site characteristics, species-specific responses to storm surges, and topographic exposure. Each of these factors was found to be critical in developing and understanding potential hurricane damage to forest and wildlife values. Conclusions/Recommendations: Such a review paper was found to be a valuable tool for informing natural resource managers and forest land owners of the potential impacts of hurricanes on the forest of the southern United States. This information will help land managers develop a response plan related to hurricane damage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stand and Site Conditions In Relation To Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardwoods and Cypress Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardwoods and Cypress Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Biological Responses of Forests to Tropical Cyclones Affecting the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Coasts

Jeffrey¹

2009

American J. of Environmental Sciences

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“…Species with shallow root systems are especially vulnerable to high winds (Ruel et al 2001). When large trees are uprooted, the forest floor is significantly altered because seeds lying within the soil become exposed and germinate, and the physical and chemical nature of the soil is changed by penetrating light (Greenberg and McNab 1998). In addition, soil gaps such as pits and mounds (Peterson and Pickett 1990) may lead to new microsites that can support the development of vegetation, ultimately changing the overall forest structure (Clinton and Baker 2000).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Jeon¹,

Lee²,

Choung³

2015

J. Ecol. Environ.

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Extremely strong winds and heavy rainfall caused canopy gaps in a mixed Abies holophylla broadleaf forest and a Quercus mongolica-dominated forest in Odaesan National Park, Korea in October 2006. The impact of the combination of strong winds and torrential rain on the development of forest gaps and canopy structures were investigated. The mean size of newly created gaps were 205 m 2 in the mixed forest and 86 m 2 in the Quercus forest, and were created by 2.8 and 1.4 gapmaker trees, respectively. Among the 73 trees lost in the mixed forest, 59% succumbed because of direct wind damage while 41% were struck by neighboring trees that fell into them. Most of these trees downed by wind were uprooted (74%), while the trees downed by neighboring tree falls snapped (78%). 21 trees in the Quercus forest died from direct wind damage, and 57% of them were uprooted. Although the relative density of Abies nephrolepis and A. holophylla represented only 0.2% and 6.4%, respectively, of all species in the intact mixed forest, they accounted for 27% and 15%, respectively, of all trees affected by wind on that site. In fact, 85% of the total A. nephrolepis and 91% of the total A. holophylla in the mixed forest fell directly due to strong wind. By contrast, only one Abies species, A. nephrolepis, was found in the Quercusdominated forest, and it accounted for 7.3% of the species composition. These findings suggest that A. nephrolepis and A. holophylla are particularly susceptible to high winds because of their great heights and shallow root systems.

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Intermediate disturbances are a key driver of long‐term tree demography across old‐growth temperate forests

Nagel

Firm

Rozman

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Forest disturbance in hurricane-related downbursts in the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina

Cited by 112 publications

References 46 publications

Physical and Biological Responses of Forests to Tropical Cyclones Affecting the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Coasts

Physical and Biological Responses of Forests to Tropical Cyclones Affecting the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Coasts

Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Intermediate disturbances are a key driver of long‐term tree demography across old‐growth temperate forests

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