Forest Biomass Availability Analysis and Large-Scale Supply Options

Ranta, T.; Korpinen, Olli-Jussi; Jäppinen, E.; Karttunen, Kalle

doi:10.4236/ojf.2012.21005

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Andersson et al (2002), Hakkila (2004), Ranta et al (2012), , Enström et al (2013), Karttunen et al (2013), Kons et al (2014), Virkkunen et al(2015), Anerud et al (2016), and Gautam et al (2017) have stated other factors, which support the introduction of terminals to the fuel supply.…”

Section: Supply Chains Of Forest Chips For Heat and Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Väätäinen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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3Väätäinen K. (2018). Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics. Dissertationes Forestales 250. 75p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.250 ABSTRACTThe overall aim of the thesis was to design efficient supply chain setups in the selected supply environments by enhancing overall supply system performance, decreasing supply costs and improving year-round working opportunities by taking fuel properties through the supply chain into account. The supply chain re-engineering approach has been used with a narrowed focus, where logistics and inventory, material handling and delivery of forest chips to heat and power plant as well as the customer's desideratum have been considered. The studied supply chains were all based on the transportation of forest biomass as chipped from roadside storage locations either directly to power plant or via terminal or inland waterway harbour to power plant by chip truck or a combination of barge and chip truck.Discrete event simulation was selected as a study method due to the characteristics of the forest chip supply chains including the high level of interactions between system elements and the specific characteristics of the supply environment. The data required for the model development and models' parameter input values were acquired from the available data of the real system and from the literature.To enhance the performance of the forest chip supply chain from roadside storage locations to end-use facilities, the following results and conclusions were obtained: 1) Rearrangements in the set-up of fuel reception stations and the logistics of fuel truck reception at the power plant as well as adaptive shift scheduling of trucks resulted in a notable decrease in the waiting times of fuel trucks at the power plant's fuel reception. 2) Forest chip supply from roadside storage locations highly encourages the use of storage area location and quality information for smart material allocation to achieve a higher energy output with lower supply costs, especially when the demand for fuel is at its highest.3) By introducing a feed-in terminal for forest chip supply, cost compensation for additional terminal-driven costs can be gained through a higher annual capacity utilisation of a fuel supply fleet and more secured fuel supply to power plants by decreasing the need for supplemental fuel, which can be more expensive at times when fuel demand is at its highest. Terminal-aided forest chip supply facilitates smoother working throughout the year in the chipping and transporting of forest chips, thus offering more stable working opportunities than a conventional direct supply of forest chips. 4) Inland waterway areas with existing waterway infrastructure and close connections to biomass resources and enduse facilities can offer a cost-competitive and supplemental method for the long distance transport of forest chips. Reshaping the conventional fleet used for waterway transport and restructuring the logistics of waterway transportation together with harbour ope...

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Section: Supply Chains Of Forest Chips For Heat and Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Väätäinen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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“…Kouvola is located in a region where there is abundant availability of cereal straw and forest chips is great and solid wood fuels can be considered to be highly utilized in renewable energy production (Ranta et al 2007;Ranta et al 2012;Anttila et al 2014;Korpinen et al 2015). The analyses were performed as simulated treatments in cereal fields, clear cuts and thinnings of young stands, using existing productivity and cost functions, statistics and yield calculations based on the crop statistics, the forest industry stand data and the sample plots data of the National Forest Inventory of Finland (Höhn et al 2014;.…”

Section: Aim and Implementation Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The southern and coastal areas have a higher population, which leads to a situation wherein their potential is insufficient for covering the high demand for wood energy (Ranta et al 2012;Anttila et al 2014). Increasing the targeted biofuel use presup-poses finding new logistical supply solutions, but also new raw material sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the bad experiences in combined heat and power production (CHP) and heating, cereal straw represents an interesting potential source for biorefining in southern and coastal areas of Finland , where forest industry by-products and harvesting residues from silvicultural and logging operations (cascading flows of wood) can be considered to be highly utilized in renewable energy production (Ranta et al 2012;Anttila et al 2014). In contrast, in the eastern and northern parts of Finland the animal bedding demand exceeds the technical harvesting potential of cereal straw .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Procurement costs of cereal straw and forest chips for biorefining in South-East Finland

Laitila¹,

Lehtonen²,

Ranta³

et al. 2016

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Procurement cost at the plant was 59 € dry tonne -1 when the annual procurement volume of biomass was 100 000 tonnes. Of that amount, the proportion of logging residues was 58.4%, stumps 24.3% and delimbed stems 17.3%.• Cereal straw represents an important source of biomass in Kouvola but the cost competiveness is poor compared the procurement costs of forest chips due to high baling and transporting costs. AbstractIn Finland the increasing use of biofuel in transport presupposes a search for new raw material sources for biorefining. The aim of this study was, at the regional level, to compare the procurement costs of logging residues, stumps, delimbed stems and cereal straw for biorefining. The accumulation and procurement costs of forest chips and cereal straw were estimated within a 100-kilometre transporting distance via existing road network from an end-use-facility located in Kouvola in South-East Finland. The analyses were performed as simulated treatments in thinnings of young stands, cereal fields and regeneration fellings using existing productivity and cost functions and yield calculations based on crop statistics, the forest industry stand data and the sample plots data of the National Forest Inventory of Finland. Accumulation of raw material assortments and costs of production stages were defined per dry tonnes. Subsidies and raw material prices were excluded from consideration in the study. The results indicate that recovering logging residues requires lower costs than utilization of stumps, delimbed stems or cereal straw. Cereal straw represents an important source of biomass in Kouvola but the cost competiveness is poor compared the procurement costs of forest chips. When the annual procurement volume of biomass was 50 000 dry tonnes the cost at the plant was 49 € dry tonne -1 and biomass was comprised totally of logging residues. Procurement cost grew to 59 € dry tonne -1 when the annual procurement volume of biomass was doubled to 100 000 dry tonnes. Of that amount, the proportion of logging residues was 58.4%, stumps 24.3% and delimbed stems 17.3%. First cereal straw dry tonnes were delivered to end-use-facility, when procurement cost grew to 60 € dry tonne -1 and annual procurement volume of biomass was 110 000 dry tonnes.

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“…Harvesting potential can be allocated by minimizing transport costs (Nord-Larsen and Talbot 2004;Ranta 2005) or the demand can be totalled if the supply regions overlap (Goerndt et al 2013;Sánchez-García et al 2015;Nivala et al 2016). Furthermore, regional balances of supply potential and demand can be gauged (Ranta 2005;Emer et al 2011;Masera et al 2006;Sánchez-García et al 2015;Nivala et al 2016;Ranta et al 2012). The regional balance estimates are very advantageous in indicating the hot spots of supply and demand (Masera et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional balance of forest chip supply and demand in Finland in 2030

Anttila¹,

Nivala²,

Salminen³

et al. 2018

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The impact of increasing forest chip demand in 2030 was analyzed in Finland.• Demand of small trees may exceed potential at the national level.• Surplus potential will remain in logging residues and stumps.• Hot spots of demand call for efficient logistical solutions. AbstractAccording to the National Energy and Climate Strategy of Finland in 2016, the demand for forest chips, that is, wood chips made of forest biomass directly for energy use, could even double by 2030 compared to the present situation. A spatially explicit impact analysis of regional supply and demand balances for forest chips was carried out. The balances were calculated as the difference between technical harvesting potentials and demand. First, the technical potentials were estimated based on the national forest inventory data. Secondly, three demand scenarios were defined for 2030 and subsequently deducted from the potentials. The results suggested that there would be increasing competition for feedstock in southern and western Finland, whereas in eastern and northern Finland there would still be surplus potential. Moreover, due to the remarkable deficit of small trees in southern Finland, there might be pressure towards using more pulpwood-sized and/or imported wood in energy production. The results also showed that, in particular, large new plants consuming substantial amounts of forest chips could have a significant effect on the regional availability of forest chips. Moreover, with increasing transport distances, new logistical solutions will be needed.

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Forest Biomass Availability Analysis and Large-Scale Supply Options

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Procurement costs of cereal straw and forest chips for biorefining in South-East Finland

Regional balance of forest chip supply and demand in Finland in 2030

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