Forensic source differentiation of petrogenic, pyrogenic, and biogenic hydrocarbons in Canadian oil sands environmental samples

Toxicity of naphthenic acid fraction components extracted from fresh and aged oil sands process-affected waters, and commercial naphthenic acid mixtures, to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos

“…S1). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine presence of PAHs in the seven mixtures, targeting five alkylated homologous groups including 15 EPA priority PAHs (Wang et al, 2014). In pilot experiments, water samples were collected from test solutions both before and after embryonic exposure (72 mL) and stored at 4 • C in 125-mL amber glass packers for 2-4 months.…”

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

“…Low abundance of PER (<10% of TPAH, or of total five-ringed PAHs) may indicate non-natural production (Calvacante et al 2009;Gogou et al 2000;Wang et al 2014). Conversely, high amounts of perylene (>10% of TPAH) indicate that the PAHs have a natural origin, and when PER is >10% of the total five-ringed PAHs, the main PER source is regarded to be diagenesis under reducing conditions (Boll et al 2008;Calvacante et al 2009;Fan et al 2011;Stout et al 2001a).…”

“…The pyrogenic index (PI) is the ratio of the sum of the concentrations of EPA priority unsubstituted three-to six-ring PAHs (sometimes coronene is also added: to the sum of the concentrations of the five target alkylated PAH homologues (Σ5alkylated: naphthalenes, fluorenes, dibenzothiophenes, phenanthrenes and chrysenes) (Wang et al 1999b(Wang et al , 2001(Wang et al , 2014:…”

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Khuzestan province, Iran

“…Relative compositions of thermodynamically stable and less stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be utilised to identify hydrocarbon pollutant sources (Yunker et al, 2002, Christensen et al, 2005, Wang et al, 2014. However, multiple sources and weathering processes (e.g.…”

“…Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is well suited for oil hydrocarbon fingerprinting due to a high peak capacity and selectivity for the analytes of interest providing the capability to distinguish between oil sources (Christensen et al, 2005, Wang et al, 2014, CEN/TR, 2011. Default methods often include peak integration of the GC-MS data to provide intensities (i.e.…”