Forefoot malformations, deformities and other congenital defects in children

Rampal, Virginie; Giuliano, Fabienne

doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2019.03.021

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There is medial deviation of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot, leading to a prominence of the proximal fifth metatarsal. 23 The value of radiographs may be limited due to lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. However, in older children whose tarsal bones are already ossified, AP radiograph of the foot typically shows medial deviation of the forefoot with normal alignment of the hindfoot.…”

Section: Metatarsus Adductusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is medial deviation of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot, leading to a prominence of the proximal fifth metatarsal. 23…”

Section: Congenital Disorders Of the Pediatric Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skewfoot is considered a rare and severe form of metatarsus adductus, characterized by a combination of hindfoot valgus, forefoot adductus, and lateral subluxation of the navicular 23 ( Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Congenital Disorders Of the Pediatric Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle

Gómez

Bazzocchi

Simoni

et al. 2022

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors.We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children. With some exceptions, postsurgical follow-up focuses on clinical assessment, with imaging follow-up only needed in patients where complications are suspected or symptoms recur. Postoperative assessment of the foot and ankle in children and adolescents requires knowing the indications for surgery and the most common types of interventions, along with their imaging characteristics. The radiologist needs to be aware of the normal sequence of development of structures and how to select adequate imaging techniques to assess anatomy at various stages or in different postsurgical scenarios.

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Section: Metatarsus Adductusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is medial deviation of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot, leading to a prominence of the proximal fifth metatarsal. 23…”

Section: Congenital Disorders Of the Pediatric Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle

Gómez

Bazzocchi

Simoni

et al. 2022

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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“…Narrow or improperly fitting shoes, incorrect nailtrimming, working at a job requiring long-time stand-up, obesity, genetical tendency, etc. may all result in ingrown toenail [2][3][4]. Change in the proper fit of the nail plate in the nail socket or irritation of the surrounding soft tissues by a spike of the nail usually causes a new granulation tissue and a feeling of chronic disturbing sensation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast and effective solution for ingrown toenail: Creation of a 2-mm space between tissue and nail by sutureless lateral longitudinal excision

Ünal¹,

Yuksekdag

2021

Arch Dermatol Res

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Nails have both functional and aesthetic importance. Undertreatments cause frequent recurrences affecting its functionality, while over-treatment spoils the aesthetic view. To describe the most practical and aesthetic method to treat ingrown toenail. All patients with ingrown toenail who applied to outpatient clinics of General Surgery Department between 2013 and 2019 were enrolled. A 2-mm space between tissue and nail by lateral longitudinal excision was created with only minimal matricectomy, under local anaesthesia. A total of 2334 surgical procedures were performed in 2118 patients. Recurrence rate was 1.7% during 36-month follow-up, most (70.7%) in younger men (22 years). The location of the lesions (right/left, medial/lateral or bilateral) did not show difference (p > 0.05 for each). Predisposing factors were tight-fitting footwear (4.5%), incorrect nail-trimming (3%), genetic tendency (2.8%), obesity (2.1%) and trauma (0.75%); but each was p > 0.05. Mean operation time was 3 min. There was no important complication, except hematoma (0.89%) and infection (0.68%). Mean healing time was 10 days and patients returned to daily activities in 3 days. Longitudinal excision with minimal matricectomy technique provides all dead tissue and diseased parts of nail and soft tissue to be removed. It is simple, cost-effective, satisfactory and aesthetic. SBU/23.01.2019/B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/7 (retrospectively registered).

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“…The results showed that cytarabine could increase the expression of FGF4 in the limb bud, and the increase of FGF4 expression was significantly associated with thumb polydactyly in the rat embryo. The mechanism underlying congenital malformations is still unclear [ 19 , 20 ], and the purpose of the present study was is to explore the mechanism of congenital polydactyly and make some contributions to the further study of this deformity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 in a Rat Model of Polydactyly of the Thumb Induced by Cytarabine

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Med Sci Monit

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Background The aim of this study was to assess the expression and mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 4 in polydactyly of the thumb induced by cytarabine. Material/Methods Rats were intraperitoneally injected with cytarabine at different gestation periods (12.5 days, 13.5 days, and 14.5 days) to establish a polydactyly of the thumb model. Then, the expression of FGF4 in polydactyly was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. We used hematoxylin & eosin stain and cartilage stain to investigate the development of the skeleton and tissues in the embryo. Pictures were taken to determine the general shape of the deformity, then X-rays were taken to detect bone distortion of the rats born with a congenital malformation. Results In the experimental group (11.5 days, 12.5 days, 13.5 days, and 14.5 days), whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the FGF4 expression at the tip of the embryonic limb bud was significantly increased compared with the control group and FGF4 was distributed in a wider range and lasted longer than in the control group (P<0.01). HE staining and cartilage staining showed that there was an extra metacarpal bone and a phalanx in the rats with polydactyly of the thumb (P<0.01). Images of the deformed limbs showed polydactyly and syndactyly of the thumb in the rats. Further X-ray examination revealed 1 extra metacarpal bone and 1 extra phalanx. Conclusions Cytarabine can induce polydactyly and syndactyly of the thumb in rats. In this process, cytarabine can induce the expression of FGF4 on the tip of the embryonic limb bud, which further leads to abnormal development of the embryonic limb bud and eventually causes a congenital deformity.

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Forefoot malformations, deformities and other congenital defects in children

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle

Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle

A fast and effective solution for ingrown toenail: Creation of a 2-mm space between tissue and nail by sutureless lateral longitudinal excision

Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 in a Rat Model of Polydactyly of the Thumb Induced by Cytarabine

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