Forefoot and heel take-off strategies result in different distribution of lower extremity work during landings

Dæhlin, Torstein E.; Chiu, Loren Z.F.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1643201

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A stiffer longitudinal arch through plantar intrinsic muscle activation is proposed to increase the force transferred to the forefoot (15). Greater force applied to the ground at the forefoot may improve performance, such as by increasing jumping height (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midfoot and Ankle Mechanics in Block and Incline Heel Raise Exercises

Chiu

Dæhlin²

2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Chiu, LZF and Dæhlin, TE. Midfoot and ankle mechanics in block and incline heel raise exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3308–3314, 2021—Although the heel raise exercise is performed to strengthen the calf muscles, the combination of calf muscle and ground reaction forces elicits moments that may deform the foot's longitudinal arch. The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine whether the foot muscles contribute to supporting the longitudinal arch during heel raises. The secondary purpose was to compare foot and ankle mechanical efforts between traditional block vs. 22° incline heel raises. Six women and 6 men performed heel raises with body mass plus a barbell loaded with 40% (BM + 40%) and 60% (BM + 60%) of their body mass. Three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform data were collected. The midfoot joint was evaluated from the angle between the forefoot and rearfoot (i.e., arch angle) and net joint moment, which may elevate or reduce the arch height. Midfoot joint arch elevator moment seemed to be greater for BM + 60% than BM + 40% (p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 1.24–1.61), with minimal change in arch angle (p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.15–0.19). Midfoot joint arch elevator and ankle plantar flexor moments seemed to be greater in incline vs. block heel raises for both loads (p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.58–0.67). The increase in midfoot joint arch elevator moment with trivial change in arch angle supports the hypothesis that the foot muscles contribute to longitudinal arch support during heel raises. Performing incline heel raises may be hypothesized to be more effective to stimulate foot and calf muscle adaptations than block heel raises.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midfoot and Ankle Mechanics in Block and Incline Heel Raise Exercises

Chiu

Dæhlin²

2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Furthermore, future studies should assess how we can therapeutically address suboptimal biomechanical and neuromuscular alterations, and more specifically, whether targeting the propulsion phase may be effective to elicit desired neuromuscular and biomechanical patterns during the landing. For example, Dæhlin and Chiu (50) showed, for example, that simple instructions to alter takeoff also influence landing kinematics during counter movement jump. More specifically, they found that moving the center of pressure to the forefoot versus the rearfoot affects the distribution of joint work delivered by the hip, knee, and ankle joint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push-Off Dynamics Reveal Task-Independent Alterations in Athletes Returning to Sport after ACL Reconstruction

Huby

Miari

Hagen

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeAthletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) show persisting biomechanical and neuromuscular landing alterations. So far, most research focused on the landing phase of dynamic tasks where most ACL injuries occur. This study will assess whether these landing alterations are also present in the propulsion phase, in an attempt to identify generalized movement alterations.MethodsTwenty-one athletes with ACLR (cleared by their surgeon and/or physiotherapist for return-to-sport) and twenty-one controls performed five single-leg hop tasks. Propulsion kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activations were compared between legs and between groups.ResultsIncreased hamstrings activation was found during propulsion when comparing the ACLR limb with both the uninjured limb and the controls. In addition, decreased internal knee extension moments were found in the ACLR limb compared with the uninjured limb.ConclusionsAthletes with ACLR show task-independent alterations that unload the knee during the propulsion phase of single-leg hopping tasks. If longitudinal data deem these alterations to be maladaptive, more emphasis must be placed on their normalization during the propulsion phase, assuming beneficial carryover effects into the landing phase. Normalizing these patterns during rehabilitation may potentially reduce the risk of long-term complications such as reinjuries and posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

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“…Mechanically, anterior leg rotation during these tasks loads the ankle plantar flexor muscles and the knee extensor muscles (13). Mechanical work performed by the knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles can eccentrically absorb kinetic energy, such as during impacts, or generate kinetic energy, such as for propulsion (1,13,18,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sagittal plane anterior leg rotation, where the proximal end of the tibia translates anteriorly relative to the fixed foot, is a requirement for many ground-based activities, including walking, running, jumping, and landing after a jump. Mechanically, anterior leg rotation during these tasks loads the ankle plantar flexor muscles and the knee extensor muscles (13). Mechanical work performed by the knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles can eccentrically absorb kinetic energy, such as during impacts, or generate kinetic energy, such as for propulsion (1,13,18,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These injuries are often attributed to impact loading (40). As less anterior leg rotation during impactful activities results in reduced kinetic energy absorption by the ankle plantar flexor and knee extensor muscles (13), the kinetic energy would be transferred to other anatomical structures, including ligaments and bone. The increased stress imposed on these structures may result in tissue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Alternative Methods to Improve Weight-Bearing Sagittal Plane Anterior Leg Rotation

vonGaza

Chiu²

2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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vonGaza, GL, and Chiu, LZF. Comparison of alternative methods to improve weight-bearing sagittal plane anterior leg rotation. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3315–3321, 2021—Promoting rearfoot plantar flexion may permit greater sagittal plane anterior leg rotation in weight-bearing tasks. Anterior leg rotation, where the proximal tibia translates forward, is required for tasks such as squatting and landing from a jump. Twenty-eight individuals with less than 25° anterior leg rotation during a weight-bearing lunge test were enrolled and randomly assigned to self-massage and stretching only (n = 15; 14 subjects retained) or self-massage and stretching plus gastrocnemius exercise (n = 13). Anterior leg rotation was assessed during a weight-bearing lunge test and a partial squat; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the change score and Cohen's d effect size were calculated. Anterior leg rotation in the weight-bearing lunge increased in the self-massage and stretching only (left: 95% CI [2.1°–5.4°], d = 1.14; right: 95% CI [2.3°–6.0°], d = 1.22) and self-massage and stretching plus gastrocnemius exercise (left: 95% CI [2.3°–7.5°], d = 1.71; right: 95% CI [4.2°–8.6°], d = 1.48) groups. There were no changes in anterior leg rotation in the partial squat for self-massage and stretching only (left: 95% CI [–1.2° to 2.5°], d = 0.15; right: 95% CI [–0.5° to 2.6°], d = 0.24) or self-massage and stretching plus gastrocnemius exercise (left: 95% CI [–0.2° to 4.8°], d = 0.55; right: 95% CI [–0.2° to 4.0°], d = 0.59) groups. Increases in anterior leg rotation in the weight-bearing lunge may be due to decreased passive stiffness in the plantar structures.

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Forefoot and heel take-off strategies result in different distribution of lower extremity work during landings

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Midfoot and Ankle Mechanics in Block and Incline Heel Raise Exercises

Midfoot and Ankle Mechanics in Block and Incline Heel Raise Exercises

Push-Off Dynamics Reveal Task-Independent Alterations in Athletes Returning to Sport after ACL Reconstruction

Comparison of Alternative Methods to Improve Weight-Bearing Sagittal Plane Anterior Leg Rotation

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