Force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness

Voss, Katja; Imhof, Janine; Kaestner, Sabine; Montavon, P. M.

doi:10.1160/vcot-07-01-0008

Cited by 105 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…PVF and VI of thoracic and pelvic limb pairs were examined for symmetry (see Statistical analysis section below). Dogs were excluded if the symmetry index (Voss et al, 2007) for PVF was > 15% or if the Dunn-Šidák corrected P value for PVF was < 0.0019. Data from 27 dogs were analyzed for variance effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SI evaluates weight bearing between two limbs as symmetrical (0) or asymmetrical (>0<). The SI equation for each dog is:

SI = 200^{*} [({PVF}_{1} - {PVF}_{2}) ∕ ({PVF}_{1} + {PVF}_{2})]

where PVF 1 is the higher value and PVF 2 is the lower value (Voss et al, 2007). If SI > 15% or if significant differences in GRF were detected between limb pairs, the dog was excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variance associated with the use of relative velocity for force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Volstad

Nemke

Muir

2016

The Veterinary Journal

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Factors that contribute to variance in ground reaction forces (GRF) include dog morphology, velocity, and trial repetition. Narrow velocity ranges are recommended to minimize variance. In a heterogeneous population, it may be preferable to minimize data variance and efficiently perform force platform gait analysis by evaluation of each individual dog at its preferred velocity, such that dogs are studied at a similar relative velocity (V*). Data from 27 normal dogs were obtained including withers and shoulder height. Each dog was trotted across a force platform at its preferred velocity, with controlled acceleration (±0.5 m/s2). V* ranges were created for withers and shoulder height. Variance effects from 12 trotting velocity ranges and associated V* ranges were examined using repeated-measures analysis-of-covariance. Mean bodyweight was 24.4 ± 7.4 kg. Individual dog, velocity, and V* significantly influenced GRF (P < 0.001). Trial number significantly influenced thoracic limb peak vertical force (PVF) (P < 0.001). Limb effects were not significant. The magnitude of variance effects was greatest for the dog effect. Withers height V* was associated with small GRF variance. Narrow velocity ranges typically captured a smaller percentage of trials and were not consistently associated with lower variance. The withers height V* range of 0.6-1.05 captured the largest proportion of trials (95.9 ± 5.9%) with no significant effects on PVF and vertical impulse. Use of individual velocity ranges derived from a withers height V* range of 0.6-1.05 will account for population heterogeneity while minimizing exacerbation of lameness in clinical trials studying lame dogs by efficient capture of valid trials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SI evaluates weight bearing between two limbs as symmetrical (0) or asymmetrical (>0<). The SI equation for each dog is:

SI = 200^{*} [({PVF}_{1} - {PVF}_{2}) ∕ ({PVF}_{1} + {PVF}_{2})]

where PVF 1 is the higher value and PVF 2 is the lower value (Voss et al, 2007). If SI > 15% or if significant differences in GRF were detected between limb pairs, the dog was excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance associated with the use of relative velocity for force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Volstad

Nemke

Muir

2016

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Some authors [20,21] reported that force platform gait analysis at trot was much more sensitive than at walk for low-grade hind limb lameness, but not for severe lameness. Based in previous experience [22], in the OA dogs group lameness was evident by direct observation, even at walk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRegenerative medicine using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) alone or combined with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) is a rapidly growing area of clinical research and is currently also being used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Force platform analysis has been consistently used to verify and quantify the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA in dogs including MSC associated to PRGF, but never with AD-MSC alone.The aim of this study was to use a force platform to measure the efficacy of intraarticular ADMSC administration for limb function improvement in dogs with severe OA.ResultsTen lame dogs with severe hip OA and a control group of 5 sound dogs were used for this study. Results were statistically analyzed to detect a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in treated dogs. Mean values of PVF and VI were significantly improved within the first three months post-treatment in the OA group, increasing 9% and 2.5% body weight, respectively, at day 30. After this, the effect seems to decrease reaching initial values.ConclusionIntraarticular ADMSC therapy objectively improved limb function in dogs with hip OA. The duration of maximal effect was less than 3 months.

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“…However, temporospatial parameters and kinetic data are important for identification and understanding of orthopedic problems, and for evaluating treatment response [6–8]. In addition, spatiotemporal characteristics have be used to evaluate gait in dogs with spinal cord disease, and may be useful as outcome measures for functional analysis in these patients [9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA prime concern of the gait analysis in a heterogeneous group of dogs is the potential influence of factors such as individual body size, body mass, type of gait, and velocity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in a heterogeneous group of dogs a possible correlation of the stride frequency with kinetic and temporospatial variables, as well as the percentage of body weight distribution (%BWD), and compare symmetry index (SI) between trotting and walking dogs. Twenty-nine clinically healthy dogs moving in a controlled velocity were used. The dogs were organized into two groups based on duty factor. Group 1 comprised 15 walking dogs, aged from 9 months to 8 years and weighing about 22.3 kg. Group 2 had 14 trotting dogs, aged from 1 to 6 years and weighing about 6.5 kg. The kinetic data and temporospatial parameters were obtained using a pressure-sensing walkway. The velocity was 0.9–1.1 m/s. The peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), gait cycle time, stance time, swing time, stride length, and percentages of body weight distribution among the four limbs were determined. For each variable, the SIs were calculated. Pearson’s coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between stride frequency and other variables, initially in each group and after including all animals.ResultsExcept for the %BWD (approximately 60 % for the forelimbs and 40 % for the hind limbs), all other parameters differed between groups. Considering each Group individually a strong correlation was observed for most of the temporospatial parameters, but no significant correlation occurred between stride frequency and PVF, and stride frequency and %BWD. However, including all dogs a strong correlation was observed in all temporospatial parameters, and moderate correlation between stride frequency and VI, and weak correlation between stride frequency and PVF. There was no correlation between stride frequency and %BWD. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ statistically in SIs.ConclusionsIn a heterogeneous group of dogs conducted at a controlled velocity, the %BWD and most of SIs presented low variability. However, %BWD seems to be the most accurate, since factors such as the magnitude of the variables may influence the SIs inducing wrong interpretation. Based on results obtained from correlations, the standardization of stride frequency could be an alternative to minimize the variability of temporospatial parameters.

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Force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness

Abstract: The trotting gait was more sensitive and accurate than the walking gait for the differentiation of dogs with a low-grade hindlimb lameness from normal ones using force plate gait analysis.

Cited by 105 publications

References 10 publications

Variance associated with the use of relative velocity for force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Variance associated with the use of relative velocity for force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

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