Force-directed layout of origin-destination flow maps

Jenny, Bernhard; Stephen, Daniel; Muehlenhaus, Ian; Marston, Brooke E.; Sharma, Ritesh; Zhang, Eugene; Jenny, Helen

doi:10.1080/13658816.2017.1307378

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…2D curve: Using curved flow lines that increase separation and acute angle crossings has been shown to increase readability for dense flows in 2D flow maps [36]. The routing technique in [35] was used to created 2D curved flows ( Fig. 2(b)).…”

Section: Visualisations and Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin-Destination Flow Maps in Immersive Environments

Yang

Dwyer

Jenny

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Immersive virtual- and augmented-reality headsets can overlay a flat image against any surface or hang virtual objects in the space around the user. The technology is rapidly improving and may, in the long term, replace traditional flat panel displays in many situations. When displays are no longer intrinsically flat, how should we use the space around the user for abstract data visualisation? In this paper, we ask this question with respect to origin-destination flow data in a global geographic context. We report on the findings of three studies exploring different spatial encodings for flow maps. The first experiment focuses on different 2D and 3D encodings for flows on flat maps. We find that participants are significantly more accurate with raised flow paths whose height is proportional to flow distance but fastest with traditional straight line 2D flows. In our second and third experiment we compared flat maps, 3D globes and a novel interactive design we call MapsLink, involving a pair of linked flat maps. We find that participants took significantly more time with MapsLink than other flow maps while the 3D globe with raised flows was the fastest, most accurate, and most preferred method. Our work suggests that careful use of the third spatial dimension can resolve visual clutter in complex flow maps.

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Section: Visualisations and Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin-Destination Flow Maps in Immersive Environments

Yang

Dwyer

Jenny

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

Self Cite

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“…7.10). Jenny et al (2017) provide an algorithm to facilitate this. For cases with a specific origin or destination of interest, Buchin et al (2011) suggest an algorithm that aggregates flows into a tree-like representation that clarifies the flow structure (Fig.…”

Section: Edge Bundling Of Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7.9). Flow maps aid in visually understanding the structure of movement between places (Jenny et al 2017). Below, we disregard the connection between the origin and destination and simply consider the density of movement.…”

Section: Origin-destination (Od) Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial Information Visualization and Extended Reality Displays

Çöltekin

Griffin

Slingsby

et al. 2019

Manual of Digital Earth

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In this chapter, we review and summarize the current state of the art in geovisualization and extended reality (i.e., virtual, augmented and mixed reality), covering a wide range of approaches to these subjects in domains that are related to geographic information science. We introduce the relationship between geovisualization, extended reality and Digital Earth, provide some fundamental definitions of related terms, and discuss the introduced topics from a human-centric perspective. We describe related research areas including geovisual analytics and movement visualization, both of which have attracted wide interest from multidisciplinary communities in recent years. The last few sections describe the current progress in the

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“…Current theories and techniques related to geographical information systems (GIS) to produce flow maps are still immature [10]. Researchers have been attempting to solve the cartographical problems that influence human cognition, such as overlapping or intersecting symbols and inappropriate color and size of symbols [7,11]. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and improve the usability of flow maps, which can allow users to perform certain tasks more accurately and rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers use various methods to generate flow, such as force-directed edges [6,7], bundled edges [8], and 3D curves [9]. Current theories and techniques related to geographical information systems (GIS) to produce flow maps are still immature [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eye Tracking to Evaluate the Usability of Flow Maps

Dong

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

IJGI

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Flow maps allow users to perceive not only the location where interactions take place, but also the direction and volume of events. Previous studies have proposed numerous methods to produce flow maps. However, how to evaluate the usability of flow maps has not been well documented. In this study, we combined eye-tracking and questionnaire methods to evaluate the usability of flow maps through comparisons between (a) straight lines and curves and (b) line thicknesses and color gradients. The results show that curved flows are more effective than straight flows. Maps with curved flows have more correct answers, fixations, and percentages of fixations in areas of interest. Furthermore, we find that the curved flows require longer finish times but exhibit smaller times to first fixation than straight flows. In addition, we find that using color gradients to indicate the flow volume is significantly more effective than the application of different line thicknesses, which is mainly reflected by the presence of more correct answers in the color-gradient group. These empirical studies could help improve the usability of flow maps employed to visualize geo-data.

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Force-directed layout of origin-destination flow maps

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Origin-Destination Flow Maps in Immersive Environments

Origin-Destination Flow Maps in Immersive Environments

Geospatial Information Visualization and Extended Reality Displays

Using Eye Tracking to Evaluate the Usability of Flow Maps

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