Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation

Lockwood, J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00173346

Cited by 326 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this early paper, the step-like decrease was presumed to be caused by a single cloud which was very large far from the sun as a result of expansion. Later, Lockwood (1971) stressed the importance of "long duration Forbush decreases" (lasting weeks or months) for the 11-year variation, and the modulation was viewed as the result of a series of overlapping Forbush decreases. Lockwood described the modulating region as possibly a thick, hollow, turbulent shell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplanetary flow systems associated with cosmic ray modulation in 1977–1980

Burlaga¹,

McDonald²,

Ness³

et al. 1984

J. Geophys. Res.

150

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The hydromagnetic flog configurations assooiated with the cosmic ray modulation in 197'-1980 were determined using solar wind plasma and magnetic field data from Voyagers 1 and 2 and Helios 1. The modulation was related to two types of large-scale systems of flows: one containing a number of transients such as shocks, post-shook flows and magnetic clouds, the other consisting pr;Lmarily of a series of quasi-stationary flows following interaction regions containing a stream interface and often bounded by a forward-reverse shook pair. Each of the three major episodes of cosmic' ray modulation was characterized by the passage of a system of tra., It :lows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplanetary flow systems associated with cosmic ray modulation in 1977–1980

Burlaga¹,

McDonald²,

Ness³

et al. 1984

J. Geophys. Res.

150

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“…space (Cane et al, 1988;Reames, 1999). GCRs are mainly protons with en- (Lockwood, 1971). FDs are fast decreases 43 of the GCR intensity followed by a slower exponential recovery that at Earth 44 may last up to about a week.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) as tracers of solar wind conditions near Saturn: Event lists and applications

Roussos

Jackman

Thomsen

et al. 2018

Icarus

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The lack of an upstream solar wind monitor poses a major challenge to any study that investigates the influence of the solar wind on the configuration and the dynamics of Saturn's magnetosphere. Here we show how Cassini MIMI/LEMMS observations of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) and Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) transients, that are both linked to energetic processes in the heliosphere such us Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs), can be used to trace enhanced solar wind conditions at Saturn's distance. SEP protons can be easily distinguished from magnetospheric ions, particularly at the MeV energy range. Many SEPs are also accompanied by strong GCR Forbush Decreases. GCRs are detectable as a low count-rate noise signal in a large number of LEMMS channels. As SEPs and GCRs can easily penetrate into the outer and middle magnetosphere, they can be monitored continuously, even when Cassini Preprint submitted to IcarusAugust 31, 2017

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“…It is well known that energetic cosmic ray intensities are often subject to modulation effects due to interplanetary disturbances such as shocks and ejecta associated with CMEs (Lockwood, 1971;Cane, 1993). Depression of >1 GeV particles intensities, called Forbush decreases, observed by ground detectors, can be of the order of 1-10% downstream these shocks and within the ejecta (Munakata et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energetic cosmic rays observed in ground-level detectors are also subject to modulation effects due to interplanetary disturbances such as shocks and ejecta associated with CMEs (Lockwood, 1971;Cane, 1993). A solar disturbance propagating away from the sun affects the pre-existing population of galactic cosmic rays in a number of ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forbush decreases on November 6-12, 2004 observed by the Muon Detector Network

Savian¹,

Rockenbach²,

Lago³

et al. 2007

Rev. Bras. Geof.

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ABSTRACT. In this paper we study the relationship between Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) and the muon count rate decreases detected of the Muon Detector Network on November 6-12, 2004. The Muon Detector Network is composed by the detectors installed at Nagoya (Japan), Hobart (Australia) and the prototype detector installed at the "Observatório Espacial do Sul -OES/CRSPE/INPE-MCT", located in São Martinho da Serra, RS, Brazil. With the muon count rate observed by the Muon Detector Network, we will be able to observe, in the future, the direction in which a given ICME moves, and with that, we will be able to calculate their angle of incidence on the Earth. Also, with this muon network, we will be able to send alerts of up to 12 hours before the arrival of a shock or an ICME. The Space Weather forecast method using cosmic rays will be a very important tool because it provides a forecast with good antecedence.Keywords: interplanetary medium, cosmic rays, Muon Telescope, Forbush decreases, space weather, magnetic storms. RESUMO. Neste artigo nós estudamos a relação entre as Ejeções Coronais de Massa Interplanetárias (ICMEs) e o decréscimo na contagem de muons observada pela Rede Internacional de Detectores de Muons no período de 6 a 12 de novembro de 2004. A Rede Internacional de Detectores de Muonsé composta pelos detectoresinstalados em Nagoya (Japão), Hobart (Austrália) e o detector protótipo instalado no Observatório Espacial do Sul OES/CRSPE/INPE -MCT, situado em São Martinho da Serra, RS, Brasil. Com o decréscimo na contagem de muons observado pela Rede Internacional de Detectores de Muons podemos determinar a direção em que a ICME se move, e com isso, nós poderemos calcular oângulo que elas chegamà Terra. Também, com esta rede de detectores de muons, poderemos dar um alerta de até 12 horas antes da chegada de um choque ou uma ICME. O método de previsão do Clima Espacial que usa raios cósmicos será uma ferramenta muito importante porque proporciona uma previsão com boa antecedência.Palavras-chave: meio interplanetário, raios cósmicos, telescópio cintilador de Muons, decréscimo de "Forbush", clima espacial, tempestades geomagnéticas.

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Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation

Cited by 326 publications

References 51 publications

Interplanetary flow systems associated with cosmic ray modulation in 1977–1980

Interplanetary flow systems associated with cosmic ray modulation in 1977–1980

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) as tracers of solar wind conditions near Saturn: Event lists and applications

Forbush decreases on November 6-12, 2004 observed by the Muon Detector Network

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