Foramen Venosum: Prevalence, Patency and Correlation with Cephalic Index

Abstract

Morphol., 34(4):1328Morphol., 34(4): -1332Morphol., 34(4): , 2016. SUMMARY:The foramen venosum (FV) is an anatomical structure situated at the base of the skull, generally posteromedial to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen ovale. Its prevalence and patency may be related to the shape of the skull. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence and patency of the FV and its association with the different skull types. Overall, 143 dry skulls were screened. Of these, 84 were considered to be in an adequate state of conservation and were included in the analysis, which was conducted through a cross-sectional view of the skullcap. The transverse (T) and anteroposterior (AP) diameters of the skull were evaluated by pachymetry and the skull type was classified according to the cephalic index (CI) (CI = T/ AP x 100). The presence and patency of the FV were evaluated. Overall, 25 % of the skulls were dolichocephalic, 21.4 % subdolichocephalic, 26.2 % mesaticephalic, 16.7 % sub-brachycephalic and 10.7 % brachycephalic. Overall, the FV was found in 41.6 % of the skulls (n=35), with this prevalence being greater in the mesaticephalic skulls (50 %; n=11). Patency was 25 % (n=21). A positive correlation was found between the CI and the presence of the FV in dolichocephalic skulls (on the right-hand side only) and in sub-brachycephalic skulls (bilaterally). In conclusion, the prevalence of the FV was considerable in the sample analyzed and was directly associated with the CI in dolichocephalic and sub-brachycephalic skulls.

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“…devido a sua importância como um dos forames emissários do crânio(WYSOCKI et al, 2006). A prevalência, conteúdos e dimensões dos forames do crânio(EDWARDS et al, 2018a;NATSIS et al, 2018b) possuem relevância clínica quando se considera os seus aspectos e características anatômicas e cirúrgicas (SHARMA;LAZARUS;NAIDOO;SATYAPAL, 2015;TOLEDO JUNIOR et al, 2016).O FV é um inconstante forame e o conhecimento de suas características e prevalência é importante durante procedimentos percutâneos, principalmente àqueles para o tratamento da neuralgia trigeminalAVILES-SOLIS et al, 2011;OZER;GOVSA, 2014;ZDILLA et al, 2014), e durante procedimentos odontológicos (como por exemplo, bloqueio do nervo alveolar superior posterior) (ALVES; DEANA, 2016).Punções acidentais podem ocorrer no FV e/ou forame oval, os quais são circundados por estruturas vasculares. Punções iatrogênicas têm sido reportadas por diversos autores que observaram hematomas(MARTÍNEZ et al, 2007;ZDILLA et al, 2014), hemorragias intracranianas e tromboses no seio cavernoso causada por origens odontológicas (ALVES; DEANA, 2016).)…”