For Left Ventricular Opacification and Endocardial Border Definition: is it Really Important Which Contrast Agent we Use, or is it the Imaging Modality we Choose?

Dolan, Melda S.; El-Shafei, Amr; Puri, Sanjeev; Tamirisa, Kamala P.; Vrain, Jeanette St.; Flanagan, Jean; Havens, E; Labovitz, Arthur J.

doi:10.1053/euje.2001.0085

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…The most important difference between first-and second-generation UCA is the encapsulated gas. For example, Albunex, Optison, and PESDA all have shells made of denatured human serum albumin, but Optison and PESDA contain C 3 F 8 and perform better than air-filled Albunex, both in diagnostic imaging and in sonoporation (52,63,64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery: Influence of Contrast Agent on Transfection

et al. 2007

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MAT B III cells were insonified at ultrasound frequencies of 1.15 and 2.25 MHz in the presence of different ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) and a plasmid encoding for the green fluorescent protein. The transfection efficiency was assessed by flow cytometry, while contrast agent destruction by ultrasound was evaluated using optical and scanning electronic microscopies. It was found that the gas and shell properties of the UCA have an important influence on cell transfection. A good correlation was observed between bubble destruction and transfection rate, and it was demonstrated, for the first time, that hard-shelled contrast agents (gas microcapsules) are promising candidates for ultrasound-mediated gene delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery: Influence of Contrast Agent on Transfection

et al. 2007

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Pharmacological Prevention of Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Quintana

Kahan

Hjemdahl

2004

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs

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The concept of reperfusion injury, although first recognized from animal studies, is now recognized as a clinical phenomenon that may result in microvascular damage, no-reflow phenomenon, myocardial stunning, myocardial hibernation and ischemic preconditioning. The final consequence of this event is left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The typical clinical case of reperfusion injury occurs in acute myocardial infarction (MI) with ST segment elevation in which an occlusion of a major epicardial coronary artery is followed by recanalization of the artery. This may occur either spontaneously or by means of thrombolysis and/or by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with efficient platelet inhibition by aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Although the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury is complex, the major role that neutrophils play in this process is well known. Neutrophils generate free radicals, degranulation products, arachidonic acid metabolites and platelet-activating factors that interact with endothelial cells, inducing endothelial injury and neutralization of nitrous oxide vasodilator capacity. Adenosine, through its multi-targeted pharmacological actions, is able to inhibit some of the above-mentioned detrimental effects. The net protective of adenosine in in vivo models of reperfusion injury is the reduction of the infarct size, the improvement of the regional myocardial blood flow and of the regional function of the ischemic area. Additionally, adenosine preserves the post-ischemic coronary flow reserve, coronary blood flow and the post-ischemic regional contractility. In small-scale studies in patients with acute MI, treatment with adenosine has been associated with smaller infarcts, less no-reflow phenomenon and improved LV function. During elective PCI adenosine reduced ST segment shifts, lactate production and ischemic symptoms. During the last years, three relatively large placebo-controlled clinical trials have been conducted: Acute Myocardial Infarction Study of Adenosine Trial (AMISTAD) I and II and Attenuation by Adenosine of Cardiac Complications (ATTACC). In the AMISTAD trials, the final infarct size was reduced and the LV systolic function was improved by adenosine treatment, mainly in patients with anterior MI localization. However, morbidity and mortality were not affected. In the ATTACC study, the LV systolic function was not affected by adenosine, however, trends towards improved survival were observed in patients with anterior MI localization. The possibility of obtaining a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow in the infarct-related artery in up to 95% of patients with acute MI (increasing the occurrence of reperfusion injury) has turned back the interest towards the protection of myocardial cells from the impending ischemic and reperfusion injury in which adenosine alone or together with other cardio-protective agents may exert important clinical effects.

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For Left Ventricular Opacification and Endocardial Border Definition: is it Really Important Which Contrast Agent we Use, or is it the Imaging Modality we Choose?

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery: Influence of Contrast Agent on Transfection

Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery: Influence of Contrast Agent on Transfection

Pharmacological Prevention of Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction

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