Foot Temperature in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with or without Peripheral Neuropathy

Abstract

Foot temperature is significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy as compared to those without neuropathy. In patients with neuropathy, a significant positive correlation is observed between foot temperature and clinical severity of neuropathy.

Temperature as a predictive tool for plantar triaxial loading

“…Plantar temperatures in diabetic neuropathic patients have been reported to be higher compared to non-neuropathic patients and/or healthy individuals (Bagavathiappan et al, 2010;Papanas et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2006Sun et al, , 2008Yavuz et al, 2014). This was attributed to the presence of inflammation within the tissue, a common outcome in such patients.…”

Association between Foot Temperature and Sudomotor Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes

“…Both tests have already been reported to be reproducible 10,13 and to have value for patient self-examination. 8,9,14 It was shown that patients with sudomotor dysfunction exhibited significantly higher foot temperature than those without sudomotor dysfunction.…”

“…10,11 Peripheral arterial disease was defined as ankle-brachial index <0.9 in at least one limb, as measured by the authors using a handheld 8 MHz Doppler device (MiniDop handheld Doppler, Hadeco, Inc., Japan) and a sphygmomanometer. 15 Other potential causes of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral nerve lesions were excluded on the basis of patients' medical history.…”

“…Measurement was performed in constant room temperature (25 °C), and a 10-min interval was allocated for patient acclimatization after removal of socks and shoes. 10 Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 13.0. Quantitative variables had normal distribution (as documented by Kolmogorov Smirnov test).…”

An overview of temperature monitoring devices for early detection of diabetic foot disorders

“…[10][11][12]. Also, in conditions that lead to higher or lower foot temperatures, such as arteriovenous shunts and atherosclerosis, the tempera-ture change is often evenly distributed between the feet [13]. Consequently, there seems to be a rationale for determining foot temperatures in diabetic patients.…”