Foot shape prediction using elliptical Fourier analysis

Abstract

In this paper, a new method was proposed to establish the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) foot shapes and their two-dimensional (2D) foot silhouettes, through which a complete 3D foot shape can be predicted by simply inputting its two 2D silhouettes. 3D foot scans of 80 participants were randomly selected as the training set, and those of another 20 participants were used as the testing set. Elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were adopted to parameterize the 3D foot shapes. A linear regressive model was then developed to predict the 3D foot shape with the foot silhouettes. Experiment results indicated individual 3D foot shape can be predicted with a mean error between 1.21 and 1.27 mm, which can provide enough accuracy for the fit evaluation of footwear.

Methodological and statistical approaches for the assessment of foot shape using three‐dimensional foot scanning: a scoping review

“…The included studies originated from 17 different countries: China ( n = 41) [4, 11, 30–68], Japan ( n = 6) [16, 44, 69–72], Germany ( n = 4) [13, 73–75], Romania ( n = 3) [8, 76, 77], South Korea ( n = 3) [78–80], Spain ( n = 3) [22, 81, 82], United States ( n = 3) [83–85], Italy ( n = 3) [20, 21, 86], India ( n = 2) [5, 87], Malaysia ( n = 2) [3, 88], New Zealand ( n = 2) [35, 62], Australia ( n = 2) [89, 90], Belgium ( n = 2) [18, 91], United Kingdom ( n = 2) [92, 93], Canada ( n = 1) [94], Iran ( n = 1) [9], Russia ( n = 1) [47], Slovenia ( n = 1) [95], and Sweden ( n = 1) [75]. Several study designs were utilised in the literature, these included: 51 comparisons of mean differences between groups [3, 5, 8, 9, 22, …”

Combining quantitative analysis with an elliptic Fourier descriptor: A study of pottery from the Gansu-Zhanqi site based on 3D scanning and computer technology

“…As elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs), originally proposed by Kuhl and Giardina [11], can delineate any type of shape with a closed two-dimensional (2D) contour. Over the past several years, researchers have applied elliptical Fourier descriptors to various fields, such as agriculture [12], the human body [13,14], and ecology [15], but it has rarely been used in archaeological research. This study, however, combines the results of quantitative analysis and elliptical Fourier descriptors to study pottery typology.…”

Combining quantitative analysis with an elliptic Fourier descriptor: A study of pottery from the Gansu-Zhanqi site based on 3D scanning and computer technology

“…As elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs), originally proposed by Kuhl and Giardina [14], can delineate any type of shape with a closed two-dimensional (2D) contour. Over the past several years, researchers have applied elliptical Fourier descriptors to various fields, such as agriculture [15], the human body [16,17], and ecology [18], but it has rarely been used in archaeological research. This study, however, combines the results of quantitative analysis and elliptical Fourier descriptors to study pottery typology.…”