Foot and word in prosodic morphology: The Arabic broken plural

McCarthy, John J.; Prince, Alan

doi:10.1007/bf00208524

Cited by 410 publications

(243 citation statements)

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“…In some languages, the minimal word is relatively large, a fact which has proved important in current developments in phonology (see, e.g., McCarthy & Prince, 1990); for instance Ito (1986Ito ( , 1990 has argued that the minimal word in Japanese is bimoraic (containing two morae, i.e., con sisting minimally of a heavy syllable or two light syllables), while the Austra lian language Lardil has a bisyllabic minimal word. However, in nearly all languages it is the case that a single consonant cannot form a lexical word.…”

Section: Ruling Out Impossible Segmentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible-Word Constraint in the Segmentation of Continuous Speech

Norris

McQueen

Cutler

et al. 1997

Cognitive Psychology

223

280

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We propose that word recognition in continuous speech is subject to constraints on what may constitute a viable word of the language. This Possible-Word Constraint (PWC) reduces activation of candidate words if their recognition would imply word status for adjacent input which coultl not be a word -for instance, a single consonant. In two word-spotting experiments, listeners found it much harder to detect apple, for example, in fapple (where [f] alone would be an impossible word), than in vujfapple (where vuff could be a word of English). We demonstrate that the PWC can readily be implemented in a competition-based model of continuous speech recognition, as a constraint on the process of competition between candidate words; where a stretch of speech between a candidate word and a (known or likely) word boundary is not a possible word, activation of the candidate word is reduced. This implementation accu rately simulates both the present results and data from a range of earlier studies of speech segmentation. © 1997 Academic Press INTRODUCTIONWhen we listen to continuous speech, we apprehend a sequence of discrete words. The effortlessness with which we understand speech might suggest that recognition of spoken words is a rather simple task; but in fact it is a complex process, in which a very variable and largely continuous speech signal has to be mapped onto a lexicon of tens of thousands of words. TheWe thank the Longman Group, U.K. Inc. for allowing us to use a machine-readable version of the Longman Dictionary o f Contemporary English (Procter, 1975 Owned by Academic Press, 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495 Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount o f bonds, mortgages, and other securities None Paragraphs 2 and 3 include, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books o f the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name o f the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, also the statements in the two paragraphs show the affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books o f the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that o f a bona fide owner Names and addresses of individuals who are stockholders o f a corporation which itself is a stockholder or holder of bonds, mortgages, or other securities of the publishing corporation have been included in paragraphs 2 and 3 when the interests o f such individuals are equivalent to I percent or more of the total amount of the stock or securities of the publishing corporation Total no copies printed average no copies each issue during preceding 12 months 2249, single issue nearest to filing date 2247 Paid circulation (a) to term subscribers by mail, carrier delivery, or by other means average no copies each issue during preceding 12 months 1054, single issue nearest to filing date 1050 (b) Sal...

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Section: Ruling Out Impossible Segmentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible-Word Constraint in the Segmentation of Continuous Speech

Norris

McQueen

Cutler

et al. 1997

Cognitive Psychology

223

280

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show abstract

“…This work was funded in part by a standard SSHRC research grant 410-2005-1175. than that implied by the facts above. In particular, we argue that these patterns submit to an analysis in which the shape of the reduplicant is a minimal word (McCarthy & Prince 1986, McCarthy & Prince 1994a: it is large enough to support a well-formed foot but also minimal in that only one foot is typically allowed. This analysis is guided by the assumptions of Generalized Template Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1994a, 1994b, according to which template form is predicted as the satisfaction of independently motivated well-formedness constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A minimal word (MinWd) is a prosodic word that satisfies canonical requirements on word shape, like foot binarity, but is also minimal in that it contains a single prosodic foot (McCarthy & Prince 1986. It is not a new prosodic category, but a prosodic word shaped by principles of prosodic organization, chiefly the principles that underlie the prosodic hierarchy (Nespor & Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1980) and foot binarity (Kager 1989, Prince 1980.…”

Section: Minimal Word Phonology and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not a new prosodic category, but a prosodic word shaped by principles of prosodic organization, chiefly the principles that underlie the prosodic hierarchy (Nespor & Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1980) and foot binarity (Kager 1989, Prince 1980. Proposed originally in McCarthy and Prince (1986) to explain reduplicant shape, the concept of the minimal word has been extended to a range of different datasets, including standard problems in metrical and prosodic phonology (Piggott 1992, Crowhurst 1991, Mester 1994, Hayes 1995, Karvonen 2005, Hyde 2007), other types of non-concatenative morphology, like template and root-and-pattern morphology (Wilkinson 1988, Crowhurst 1991, McCarthy & Prince 1990, Spring 1990, Kager 1996 and hypocoristics (Bat-El 2005, Piñeros 1998, Wiese 2001, as well as 'external' problems like loanword adaptation (Itô 1990, Yip 1991 and language development (Demuth 1995, Demuth 1996, Salidis & Johnson 1997. McCarthy & Prince (1994a, 1994b implement minimal word effects in Optimality Theory as part of a wider program of Generalized Templates Theory, according to which template form is predicted as the satisfaction of independently motivated well-formedness constraints.…”

Section: Minimal Word Phonology and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of minimal word phonology have collected a number of examples that resemble minimal words by containing a single foot, but have a residual monomoraic syllable (Kager 1994, Itô & Mester 1992, McCarthy & Prince 1990). An interesting question raised by these '1 ½ feet' minimal words is just how the residual syllable is motivated.…”

Section: Loose Minimal Word Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduplication in Hawaiian: variations on a theme of minimal word

Alderete

MacMillan

2014

Nat Lang Linguist Theory

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Abstract. The article explores a database of over 1600 reduplicated words in Hawaiian and gives the first comprehensive account of the empirical generalizations concerning reduplicant form and associated vowel length alternations. We argue that the observed output patterns and length alternations can be cogently analyzed by recognizing a minimal word target for reduplicant shape. Realizing a minimal word, or a single well-formed foot, is predicted by the integration of standard constraints on prosodic well-formedness and faithfulness constraints in Optimality Theory. We further show that all variant realizations of the reduplicant, and a myriad of exceptional patterns, can be accounted for by re-ordering only faithfulness constraints defined on distinct correspondence relations, documenting that one especially rich dataset can be analyzed with this limitation on constraint systems.

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The Emergence of the Unmarked

McCarthy¹,

Prince²

2004

Optimality Theory in Phonology

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Foot and word in prosodic morphology: The Arabic broken plural

Cited by 410 publications

References 32 publications

The Possible-Word Constraint in the Segmentation of Continuous Speech

The Possible-Word Constraint in the Segmentation of Continuous Speech

Reduplication in Hawaiian: variations on a theme of minimal word

The Emergence of the Unmarked

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