Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes)

Samuel, A. R.; Knowles, Nick J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-82-3-609

Cited by 266 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Phylogenetic analysis employing 1D sequences and a 15% nucleotide difference as a cut-off organizes FMDV strains into major groups or genotypes. Interestingly, the genotypic information obtained with approximately 636 nucleotides of VP1 completely matches the phylogenetic results obtained when 2208 nucleotides of the complete P1 polyprotein are used (12,13). Genetic lineages subsequently are geographically bound and are described as "topotypes".…”

Section: Fmdv Genomics Publicationssupporting

confidence: 53%

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Genome

Carrillo¹

2012

Viral Genomes - Molecular Structure, Diversity, Gene Expression Mechanisms and Host-Virus Interactions

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Section: Fmdv Genomics Publicationssupporting

confidence: 53%

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Genome

Carrillo¹

2012

Viral Genomes - Molecular Structure, Diversity, Gene Expression Mechanisms and Host-Virus Interactions

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“…A major problem in discussing the relationships between isolates and their sequence data is deciding what the observed phylogenetic distances actually mean. As a rule of thumb, distances of Ͻ5% are considered to indicate the same "strain" (30,31). At the other end of the spectrum, distances of more than 15% have been considered sufficient to classify isolates as unrelated (26,32), although because of the greater variation in the SATs, a higher threshold of 20% has been suggested (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in the Adamawa Province of Cameroon

et al. 2004

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious viral disease of even-toed ungulates and is one of the most important economic diseases of livestock. Most studies of FMDV are done in countries where control measures are being implemented. In contrast, in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, where FMDV is endemic and new strains are likely to emerge, there are only sporadic submissions to the World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright, United Kingdom. This paper describes the molecular epidemiology of FMDV in the Adamawa province of Cameroon based on a population sample of cattle herds. Serotypes SAT2 and A were isolated in the cross-sectional study. SAT2 isolates were all similar, with phylogenetic distances of <6%, and were most closely related to published sequences of isolates from Eritrea and Saudi Arabia. Serotype A isolates were more variable, with phylogenetic distances of 0 to 11%, and were most closely related to historic isolates from Cameroon. Use of a population-based sample gives a representative sample of virus diversity and will improve our understanding of the evolution of FMDV and its epidemiology. A supplementary study of pigs passing through the railhead collection yard at Ngaoundere detected a serotype O virus. A third pilot longitudinal study monitored viral persistence in three cattle herds over 12 months, and serotype O and A viruses were recovered from a herd 12 months after it was first recorded as being infected with SAT2 virus. The pig type O isolate was not closely related to that recovered from the cattle, suggesting that the pigs had not introduced the O virus into the cattle herds.

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“…Among the seven serotypes of FMDV, serotype O is the most prevalent worldwide (49). Within the serotype O viruses there are multiple topotypes that have had considerable economic impact.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Genetically Engineered Derivatives of a Chinese Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Reveals a Novel Cell-Binding Site Which Functions in Cell Culture and in Animals

Zhao

Pacheco

Mason

2003

J Virol

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Adaptation of field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to grow in cells in culture can result in changes in viral properties that include acquisition of the ability to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). After 13 passages on BHK cells to produce a vaccine, a Cathay topotype isolate of FMDV serotype O from China (O/CHA/90) extended its cell culture host range and bound to heparin-Sepharose, although it did not require cell surface HS as a receptor molecule. To understand these phenomena, we constructed chimeric viruses by using a type A 12 infectious cDNA and the capsid protein-coding regions of O/CHA/90 and its cell culture-adapted derivative (vac-O/CHA/90). Using a set of viruses derived from these chimeras by exchanging portions of the capsid-coding regions, we discovered that a group of amino acid residues that surround the fivefold axis of the icosahedral virion determine host range in cell culture and influence pathogenicity in pigs. These residues included aromatic amino acids at positions 108 and 174 and positively charged residues at positions 83 and 172 in protein 1D. To test if these residues participated in non-integrin-dependent cell binding, the integrin-binding RGD sequence in protein 1D was changed to KGE in two different chimeras. Evaluation of these KGE viruses indicated that growth in cell culture was not dependent on HS. One of these viruses was tested in pigs, where it produced a mild disease and maintained its KGE sequence. These results are discussed in terms of receptor utilization and pathogenesis of this important pathogen.Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, most notably cattle, pigs, and sheep. Although it was the earliest described viral disease of animals, FMD remains one of the most important infectious diseases of animals, as evidenced by costly outbreaks in Taiwan (1997), Japan (2000), the Republic of Korea (2000 and, the United Kingdom (2001), The Netherlands (2001), and France (2001). FMD control in areas of endemicity is implemented by regular vaccination, utilizing an inactivated vaccine product that is produced on an enormous scale from chemically inactivated preparations of FMD virus (FMDV) propagated in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The successful application of this vaccine has contributed to the eradication of FMD from several regions of the world, including the European Union in the 1980s and Uruguay, Argentina, and the south of Brazil in the 1990s. One of the major factors affecting FMD vaccine efficacy is antigenic variation during production of the viral antigen. Specifically, antigenic variants of the virus are readily selected during propagation in cell culture. Thus, it is important for manufacturers to rigorously check vaccine strains in order to maintain vaccine antigen quality.FMDV exists in seven serotypes (O, A, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3) which, along with equine rhinitis A virus, constitute the Aphthovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. The FMDV virion consists of an icosa...

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Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes)

Cited by 266 publications

References 40 publications

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Genome

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Genome

Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in the Adamawa Province of Cameroon

Evaluation of Genetically Engineered Derivatives of a Chinese Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Reveals a Novel Cell-Binding Site Which Functions in Cell Culture and in Animals

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