Food Transit Time and Site of Absorption of Nutrients in Gulf of Mexico Sturgeon

Venero, Jesus A.; Miles, R. D.; Chapman, Frank A.

doi:10.1080/15222055.2015.1017129

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At this time, the alimentary canal and digestive capacity are similar to that of adult white sturgeon (Buddington and Doroshov 1986). Because it takes digestate approximately 24 to 32 h to pass entirely through the gut of sturgeon (Venero et al 2015), the opportunity exists for trace metals to make contact with the gut lining and elsewhere as a result of slag ingestion. Trace metals bound in slag may be released along sections of the gut during the digestive process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Concentrations in the Upper Columbia River as a Limiting Factor in White Sturgeon Recruitment and Recovery

Puglis

Farag

Mebane

2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Currently there is little natural recruitment of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Upper Columbia River located in British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA. This review of life history, physiology, and behavior of white sturgeon, along with data from recent toxicological studies, suggest that trace metals, especially Cu, affect survival and behavior of early life stage fish. Sturgeon free embryos, first feeding embryos, and mixed feeding embryos utilize interstitial spaces between gravel. Although concentrations of Cu in the water column of the Upper Columbia River are typically less than US water quality criteria defined to protect aquatic life, samples at the sediment-water interface were as large as 24 µg/L and exceed the criteria. Toxicological studies reviewed here demonstrate mortality, loss of equilibrium, and immobility at Cu concentrations of 1.5 to <16 µg/L and reduced swimming activity was documented at 0.88 to 7 μg/L. Contaminated invertebrates and slag particles provide other routes of exposure. These additional routes of exposure can cause indirect effects from starvation due to potential lack of prey items and ingestion of contaminated prey or slag particles. The lack of food in stomachs during these critical early life stages may coincide with a threshold "point of no return" at which sturgeon will be unable to survive even if food becomes available following that early time frame. These findings become especially important as work progresses to enhance white sturgeon recruitment in the Upper Columbia River. To date, decisions against including trace metals as a factor in sturgeon recovery have focused on surface-water concentrations and measurements of lethality (LC50) to establish threshold concentrations for sturgeon sensitivity. However, information provided here suggests that measurements from the sediment-water interface and effect concentrations (EC50) be considered with white sturgeon life history characteristics. These data support minimizing Cu exposure risk to enhance a successful white sturgeon recovery effort. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:378-391. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain inthe USA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Concentrations in the Upper Columbia River as a Limiting Factor in White Sturgeon Recruitment and Recovery

Puglis

Farag

Mebane

2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…For this reason, subsequent studies on the gut microbiota of this species were exclusively focused on the hindgut (Geraylou et al, 2013a; Geraylou et al, 2013b). The spiral valve is a specific area in the hindgut that increases the effective length and, hence, the absorptive capacity of the sturgeon's intestine (Buddington and Doroshov, 1986;Venero et al, 2015). The present study is the first to examine the small intestine microbiome and its composition relative to that of the hindgut using Illumina technology.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In sturgeons, the main site for fat digestion is the PI which contains the liver and pancreatic enzymes that catabolize dietary lipids. In contrast, the site for the absorption of energy nutrients, dry matter and crude protein is the region of the spiral valve of the DI (Venero et al, 2015). Regarding the relationship between diet and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, one study has shown an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal microbiota of mice after consumption of a high-fat diet (Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundant bacteria in the proximal and distal intestine of healthy Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii)

et al. 2019

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The gut microbiota plays a key role in animal health, including immune and metabolic homeostasis. Despite the economic relevance of the sturgeon, studies addressing the gut microbiome of this species are scarce and have focused only on the hindgut. The objective of this work was to use Illumina metabarcoding technology to compare the bacterial microbiomes of two different intestinal locations, the proximal intestine (small intestine) and the distal intestine (hindgut containing the spiral valve), of healthy Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii) reared on two different farms in Spain. Although a high degree of interindividual variability was observed, certain differences between the anatomical parts and between the geographical locations were clear. The results show that the sequences corresponding to the most abundant taxa were the basis for clustering according to anatomical region (proximal and distal intestine), whereas the less abundant taxa were the basis for clustering according to the geographical location of the fish farms. Finally, the results also indicate the existence of certain bacteria that are present in the intestinal tracts of all the fish analyzed in this study; this information may be useful in future studies aiming to establish differences based upon fish health or disease.

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“…Physical characteristics and chemical composition of the diet fed to an animal affect gastrointestinal evacuation rates, which in turn is an important factor in determining the utilization of ingested dietary nutrients. Prolonging the passage time of feed has the potential to increase enzymatic digestion and mucosal absorption of nutrients and may also allow beneficial microorganisms to assist in digestion (Olsen and Ringø, 1997;Venero et al, 2015). As such, a reduced gut transit time has been found to diminish the efficiency of digestion and absorption of ingested feed in several fish species (Grove et al, 1978;Flowerdew and Grove, 1979;Jobling, 1981Jobling, , 1987Garber, 1983;Lee et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Function of the Stomachless Fish, Ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Le¹,

Shao²,

Krogdahl³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Little is known about the digestion of nutrients in stomachless (agastric) fishes with short intestines, such as wrasse. This study describes the digestion, absorption and evacuation rates in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) fed either dry or pre-soaked diets. Ballan wrasse juveniles received either dry or pre-soaked diets containing inert markers to determine intestinal evacuation rates over a 4-14 h period after ingestion. The digestive tract evacuation was completed in 12-14 h, and was not affected by dietary moisture level. Within the different segments of the intestine, 90% of the digesta moved from the foregut to the midgut after 4-8 h, and over 7% of the digesta had arrived in the hindgut 4 h after feeding. The foregut was a major site of digestion, where 86% of carbohydrates, 74% of proteins, and 50% of lipids, were absorbed from the diet. The absorption of carbohydrates and lipids increased until the hindgut (98 and 80%, respectively). Protein absorption continued along the length of the intestine reaching 90% absorption at the hindgut. Protein and carbohydrate absorption was slightly higher in the foregut for fish fed dry versus moist diets, but this difference disappeared in the midgut. The moisture levels of diet had no effect on the digesta moisture levels, expression of metabolic genes, the levels of nutrients in plasma, or intestinal health. Nine aquaporins were found to be expressed in the wrasse intestinal tissue. Vertebrate aquaporins are involved in water transport from the intestinal lumen into the body and may play a role in maintaining stable moisture level of the digesta in the intestine of ballan wrasse regardless of the initial dietary moisture levels.

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Food Transit Time and Site of Absorption of Nutrients in Gulf of Mexico Sturgeon

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Copper Concentrations in the Upper Columbia River as a Limiting Factor in White Sturgeon Recruitment and Recovery

Copper Concentrations in the Upper Columbia River as a Limiting Factor in White Sturgeon Recruitment and Recovery

Abundant bacteria in the proximal and distal intestine of healthy Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii)

Intestinal Function of the Stomachless Fish, Ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

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