Food security policies in India and China: implications for national and global food security

Yu, Wusheng; Elleby, Christian; Zobbe, Henrik

doi:10.1007/s12571-015-0432-2

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Improving crop yield and nutrient use efficiency simultaneously is challenging due to the increasing demand for food and intensifying environmental issues [1,2]. To pursue higher crop yields, farmers in some intensive agriculture areas of China apply excessively high rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Manuring Effect on Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions, Maize Growth, and Nutrient Uptake

et al. 2018

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Green manure is a promising, at least partial, substitution for chemical fertilizer in agriculture, especially for nitrogen (N), which in soil can be radically changed by exogenous input. However, it is not well understood how, after green manure incorporation, soil N changes coordinate with crop N uptake and consequently contribute to fertilizer reduction in a maize–green manure rotation. A four-year field study was performed consisting of (1) control, no fertilization; (2) F100, recommended inorganic fertilization alone; (3) G, green manure incorporation alone; (4) F70 + G (70% of F100 plus G); (5) F85 + G; and (6) F100 + G. The results show that treatments with 15–30% reduction of inorganic fertilizer (i.e., F70 + G and F85 + G) had similar grain yield, dry matter (DM) accumulation, and N uptake as F100 treatment. F100 + G maize had 17% greater DM and 15% more N uptake at maturity relative to F100. Of the five soil N fractions examined, dissolved organic N (DON) and mineral N (Nmin) explained over 70% of the variation of maize DM and N accumulation. Partial least squares path modeling further revealed that soil N fractions had positive indirect effects on DM production through N uptake, which might be coordinated with improved DON and Nmin status at both early and mid-late stages of maize growth. Overall, the results highlight enhanced maize production with reduced fertilizer inputs based on green manure incorporation in temperate regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Manuring Effect on Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions, Maize Growth, and Nutrient Uptake

et al. 2018

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“…The picture that emerges on India's performance in combating chronic (regular) hunger is very different to that of China. Indeed, as Yu et al (2015) argue, all available evidence indicates that 'Food insecurity is a much more serious concern in India than China'. Nonetheless, India has witnessed some progress in that the incidence of severe undernutrition among children, and the incidence of certain nutritional-deficiency diseases like kwashiorkor, marasmus and pellagra have been greatly reduced.…”

Section: Part I: Three Dimensions Of Food Security Food Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall improvements in nutritional status that many groups in India have experienced in the past half a century are mainly due to an increase in foodgrain production, better diets, increased access to health care and the implementation of some of the largest and most expensive social protection programmes in the world. The Indian government's two main pillars for ensuring food security include improving access to foodgrains and increasing their availability or production (Yu et al 2015). While food production has increased manifoldlargely due to the success of the Green Revolution-hundreds of millions of Indians are not food secure in that they do not have 'physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life' (FAO 2014).…”

Section: Part I: Three Dimensions Of Food Security Food Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past couple of decades, the fiscal cost of the PDS has more than doubled due to a widening gap between procurement prices (i.e. the Minimum Support Prices) and the subsidized consumer prices through the PDS (Kishore et al 2014;Yu et al 2015). Although it plays an important role in promoting food security, the poor enjoy limited access to the PDS.…”

Section: Part I: Three Dimensions Of Food Security Food Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hungry Nation: Food Policy and Food Politics in India

Banik

2016

Food ethics

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India has the largest number of hungry people in the world. Improvements in nutritional status have not kept pace with the country's impressive success in spurring economic growth in the past few decades. This essay revisits India's success in preventing famine and compares it to the country's inability to improve the food security of hundreds of millions of its citizens. Why is the Indian performance on reducing hunger not any better? And why is India's democracy able to prevent famines but not more effectively combat undernutrition? An important result of the right to food movement and the resulting judicial activism was the enactment of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013, which has attracted considerable attention regarding its potential to radically improve the food security of over 800 million Indians. I critically examine the historical development of the NFSA including its current provisions against the backdrop of heated debates over four broad sets of interrelated issues-availability of adequate funds, the specific roles and duties of various levels of government in India's federal political setup , the distinction between food security and nutritional security and the extent to which the country proposes to reform existing social protection programmes aimed at improving food security.

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“…In such conditions, China may soon run out of high-quality agricultural land resources that ensure sustainable food security in accordance with the four pillars of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), i.e., availability, access, utilization, and the stability of food [11]. While the FAO considers food security as access by people to enough food on the domestic market by means of both domestic production and import, some Chinese experts [9,[12][13][14] argue that the increasing scale of international trade threatens the food security of China. In contrast, Luan et al [15], Ghose [16], and Zhang [17] treat food security as self-sufficiency when food availability is ensured predominantly by domestic production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Rural Development in Northern China: Caught in a Vice between Poverty, Urban Attractions, and Migration

2018

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For a long time, the majority of China, which has the world's largest population, has been immobile and lived in rural areas. However, over recent decades, with the economic rise of China, rural labor has demonstrated a trend of moving to rapidly industrializing regions in search of higher income and better employment opportunities. Along with the labor cutback, out-migration introduces negatives to the sustainable development of rural areas, i.e., depopulation, the abandonment of rural settlements and agricultural lands, and the aging of the population, among others. Due to the threats of labor outflow to sustainability, studying the causes of China's rural out-migration can reveal lessons on how state policies can be designed to reduce the negative impacts of out-migration on rural communities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the major causes of migration movements among the rural areas of northern China that are considered to be the best-performing among the provinces of the country in terms of rural development, agricultural production, and the wealth of rural dwellers. A two-stage survey of a panel of experts involved: (1) respondents representing government officials and universities of the Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and (2) regional and district levels of administration, and research and public establishments of Heilongjiang Province. In stage three, drawing on the authors' own survey of 128 rural households in three counties of Heilongjiang Province, the major migration drivers have been identified, and the portfolio of a typical rural migrant has been developed. Some of the key findings are that migration intentions are fueled by the rural-urban income gap, poverty, a reduction of demand for labor in rural areas, underdeveloped infrastructure, the low quality of social services in rural settlements, and the low social standing of rural dwellers. The approach allows monitoring the dynamics of migration attitudes as responses to the policy interventions that are aimed at the sustainable development of rural areas.

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Food security policies in India and China: implications for national and global food security

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Green Manuring Effect on Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions, Maize Growth, and Nutrient Uptake

Green Manuring Effect on Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions, Maize Growth, and Nutrient Uptake

The Hungry Nation: Food Policy and Food Politics in India

Sustainable Rural Development in Northern China: Caught in a Vice between Poverty, Urban Attractions, and Migration

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