“…Gemeda et al (2023), Azanaw et al (2022), Al et al (2012), Girma et al (2014), and Verma et al (2023) stated that food handlers, particularly the street food handlers were not well educated and could not adhere to food safety and hygiene protocols. Studies in Northern Ethiopia (Adhena et al, 2023), Vietnam (Samapundo et al, 2016), Dessie Town in Ethiopia (Adane et al, 2018), Bangladesh (Meher et al, 2022), and Ambato, Ecuador (Rosales et al, 2023) stated that their respondents in the studies were either illiterates or just have primary education. Even in the developing countries, low level of education is the characteristic of food handlers (Iwu & Uwakwe, 2017; Meher et al, 2022; Samapundo et al, 2016).…”