Food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in north‐eastern Italy

Bidoli, Ettore; Franceschi, Silvia; Talamini, Renato; Barra, Salvatore; Vecchia, Carlo La

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910500211

Cited by 149 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In common with results from previous studies (Kearney et al, 1996;Boutron et al, 1996;Jain, 1998), no indication for a protective effect of cheese consumption against colorectal cancers was found; in contrast, higher cheese consumption was associated with a nonsignificantly elevated colon cancer risk. Similar increased colorectal cancer risk with cheese consumption was also reported in some previous studies (Bidoli et al, 1992;Fernandes et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum

et al. 2001

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Objective: To study the relationship between consumption of milk and milk products, calcium, lactose and vitamin D and occurrence of colorectal cancers. Design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 9959 men and women aged 15 y or older without history of cancer at baseline. During a 24 y follow-up, 72 new cancers of the large bowel (38 in the colon and 34 in the rectum) were detected. Results: Consumption of milk and total milk products was suggested to be inversely related to colon cancer incidence, whereas no similar association was seen for rectal cancer. The relative risk between the highest and lowest quartiles of intake adjusted for potential confounding factors was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.14 -1.46, P for trend 0.09) for milk and 0.37 (95% CI ¼ 0.12 -1.39, P for trend 0.06) for total milk products. Lactose intake showed a similar inverse relationship with colon cancer: the relative risk was 0.31 (95% CI ¼ 0.08 -1.15, P for trend 0.03). Intake of vitamin D or total dietary calcium was not significantly related to colorectal cancer risk, whereas calcium provided by fermented milk products was associated with increased colorectal cancer incidence; in the highest quartile the multivariate adjusted relative risk for colorectal cancer was 2.07 (95% CI ¼ 1.00 -4.28). Conclusions: Our results indicate that individuals showing high consumption of milk have a potentially reduced risk of colon cancer; however, the association does not appear to be due to intake of calcium, vitamin D, or to specific effects of fermented milk. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish Cancer Foundation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum

et al. 2001

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“…The association between education and colon cancer risk is not clear for women. A correlation study (Baquet et al, 1991), a cross-sectional study (Faivre et al, 1989) and a case-control study (Bidoli et al, 1992) reported no association between education and colon cancer risk for women, while an inverse association was found in a crosssectional study (Williams and Horm, 1977), and in two cohort studies in Scandinavia (Pukkala and Teppo, 1986;Vagero and Persson, 1986) significant positive associations were reported. We did not find an association between education and colon cancer, which is consistent with the finding that health differences between SES categories for women are Kunst et al, 1993), probably because of relatively small differences in education within the female population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Correlation (Baquet et al, 1991) and crosssectional (Williams and Horm, 1977;Faivre et al, 1989) studies did not show consistent associations, but case-control (Papadimitriou et al, 1984;Ferraroni et al, 1989;Bidoli et al, 1992) and cohort studies (Pukkala and Teppo, 1986;Vagero and Persson, 1986;Leon, 1988) showed predominantly positive associations between SES and colon cancer risk. In these studies hardly any adjustment was made for potential confounders.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Socioeconomic status and colon cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study

Loon

Brandt²,

Golbohm³

1995

Br J Cancer

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al., 1984;Ferraroni et al., 1989;Bidoli et al., 1992) and cohort studies (Pukkala and Teppo, 1986;Vagero and Persson, 1986;Leon, 1988) showed predominantly positive associations between SES and colon cancer risk. In these studies hardly any adjustment was made for potential confounders. Most of the time, age was included in the analyses, and two studies included some lifestyle characteristics such as smoking (Williams and Horm, 1977) and coffee and alcohol consumption (Ferraroni et al., 1989 (Goldbohm et al., 1994a). Therefore, these dietary factors were omitted from our analyses. Materials and methodsThe cohort studyIn September 1986, The Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), investigating various lifestyle variables, sociodemographic indicators and cancer risk, was started. A detailed description of the cohort study design has been reported elsewhere (Van den Brandt et al., 1990a). Briefly, the cohort included 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55-69 years at the beginning of the study. The study population originated from 204 municipal population registries throughout the country. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. For data analysis the case-cohort approach was used in which cases are derived from the entire cohort, while the personyears at risk are estimated from a random sample of 3500 subjects (subcohort). After the baseline exposure measurement the subcohort was randomly sampled (1688 men and 1812 women) and it has been followed up biennially for vital status information.Follow-up for incident cancer has been established by record linkage with all regional cancer registries in The Netherlands and with a national pathology register (PALGA). The method of record linkage has been described previously (Van den Brandt et al., 1990b). The analysis is restricted to colon cancer incidence in the period from September 1986 to December 1989. In this period, completeness of follow-up was estimated to be 95% ( Van den Brandt et al., 1993). After these 3.3 years of follow-up, 351 colon cancer cases were detected. We excluded self-reported prevalent cancer cases other than skin cancer (n = 28), cases with in situ carcinoma (n = 8), cases without microscopically confirmed diagnosis (n = 2) and sarcoma (n = 1). Therefore 312 incident cases (157 males and 155 females) were available for analysis. Self-reported prevalent cancer cases other than skin cancer were also excluded from the subcohort, with the result that 3346 subjects (1630

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“…Table 1 contains 30 case -control studies that had at least 99 cases and reported on meat intake (Benito et al, 1990;Bidoli et al, 1992;Centonze et al, 1994;Dales et al, 1979;Gerhardsson et al, 1991;Graham et al, 1978;Haenszel et al, 1973Haenszel et al, , 1980Hu et al, 1991;Iscovich et al, 1992;Kampman et al, 1995Kampman et al, , 1999Kato et al, 1990;Kune et al, 1987; La Vecchia (1992) 248 Italy Yes I R þ beef & pork; C-ve Centonze et al (1994) 118 Italy Yes H NS Dales et al (1979) 99 US Blacks -I N S Gerhardsson et al (1991) 559 Sweden Yes H C and R þ meats Graham et al (1978)) 586 USA (NY) -I N S Haenszel et al (1973) 179 Japanese in Hawaii -L CRC þ meat Heanszel et al (1980) 588 Japan --NS Hu et al (1991) 336 China Yes -NS Iscovich et al (1992) 110 Argentina Yes H NS Kampman et al (1995) 312 Netherlands Yes H NS Kampman et al (1999) 1542 USA Multicentre --NS Kato et al (1990) 221 Japan -I N S Kune et al (1987) 715 Australia Yes -C þ beef men, not women R þ lamb women, not men La Vecchia et al (1988) 575 N. Italy Yes -RR 2.0 CRC for meat but 3.0 for pasta þ rice La Vecchia et al (1996) 1326 N. Itlay -H CRC þ (1.6) for red meat Lee et al (1989) 203 Singapore Yes H NS Lyon et al (1988) 246 Utah, USA Yes -NS Macquart-Moulin et al (1986) 399 France Yes I NS Manousos et al (1983) 100 Greece Yes -CRC þ beef and lamb Miller et al (1983) 542 Canada Yes -R þ beef (?) Muscat et al (1994) 511 USA --NS Peters et al (1989) 146 Los Angeles, USA Yes -NS Peters et al (1992) 746 Los Angeles, USA Yes H NS Steinmetz et al (1993)…”

Section: The Case -Control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat consumption and cancer of the large bowel

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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studies relating (red) meat consumption and colorectal cancer have been published or found by search. These are collected here.Thirty adequate case -control studies have been published up to 1999 (from 16 different countries). Twenty of them found no significant association of (red) meat with colorectal cancer. Of the remaining 10 studies reporting an association, some obtained statistical significance only in rectal or colon cancers, another only in men, not women, or found a stronger association with pasta and rice, or used an inadequate food list in the food frequency questionnaire.Fifteen cohort studies have now been published. { Only in three were significant associations of (red) meat found with colorectal cancer. Two of these positive studies were from the same group in the USA (relative risk 1.7). The results of the third positive study appear to conflict with data from part of the vegetarians follow up mortality study.Here, five groups of vegetarians (in three different countries) with socially matched controls were followed up (total 76 000 people). Mortality from colorectal cancer was not distinguishable between vegetarians and controls.While it is still possible that certain processed meats or sausages (with a variety of added ingredients) or meats cooked at very high temperature carry some risk, the relationship between meats in general and colorectal cancer now looks weaker than the 'probable' status it was judged to have by the WCRF in 1997.

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Food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in north‐eastern Italy

Cited by 149 publications

References 37 publications

Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum

Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum

Socioeconomic status and colon cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study

Meat consumption and cancer of the large bowel

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