Food choices to meet nutrient recommendations for the adult Brazilian population based on the linear programming approach

Santos, Quenia dos; Sichieri, Rosely; Darmon, Nicole; Maillot, Matthieu; Verly, Eliseu

doi:10.1017/s1368980017003883

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, the assumption of the same percentage of RDI for all nutrients should be revised taking into account the composition of foods that typically compose meals. However, it is important to highlight that more than 90% of the Brazilian population has an inadequate daily intake of calcium 11,12 and that adequate levels remain difficult to achieve, even allowing for changes in eating patterns 13 . Meeting all nutritional requirements would involve a menu composition that may prove unrealistic, and which might violate the program's principle of respecting local food preferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios

Verly

Oliveira

Pinto

et al. 2021

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resumo O estudo avaliou a viabilidade da adequação de cardápios em relação às exigências nutricionais estabelecidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a relação entre o custo do cardápio. Cada cardápio semanal contou de uma combinação de alimentos dentro de cada grupo. Para cada combinação de alimentos foi elaborado um modelo de otimização de dados para obter as quantidades de cada alimento de forma a atender às exigências do PNAE ao menor custo possível (cardápios com 20% e 30% da ingestão dietética de referência para energia, macronutrientes, cálcio, ferro, magnésio, zinco, vitaminas A e C, além de restrições para sódio, gorduras saturada e trans, e açúcar de adição). Não foi obtida nenhuma solução que acomodasse todas as exigências do PNAE. Os componentes limitantes foram cálcio, sódio e carboidratos; para os demais os cardápios foram adequados. O custo foi diretamente correlacionado com a frequência de carne e frutas, e inversamente com os conteúdos de sódio e carboidratos, e com as frequências de arroz e feijão. A probabilidade de adequação de carboidratos foi próxima de zero quando a frequência de carne foi acima de 1 vez por semana. Concluindo, é pouco provável a obtenção de cardápios que atendam à todas as exigências do PNAE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios

Verly

Oliveira

Pinto

et al. 2021

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

Self Cite

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“…Their models achieved all recommended intakes with exception for vitamin D. In Brazil, there is so far only one published study using optimization to find the best diet modifications. Using a cost-free model and modeling the mean population food intakes, the study failed to reach the target for vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, zinc, linolenic acid, and mono-unsaturated fat [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning dietary improvements without additional costs for low-income individuals in Brazil: linear programming optimization as a tool for public policy in nutrition and health

Verly

Sichieri

Darmon

et al. 2019

Nutr J

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Background Meeting nutrient intake recommendations may demand substantial modifications in dietary patterns, and may increase diet cost. Incentives for modifying one’s dietary intake that disregard prices are unlikely to be effective in the general population, especially among low-income strata, due to the high percentage of income committed to food purchases. The aim of this study is to evaluate how much the nutrient content can be increased through a modeled diet, without any cost increase, for low-income Brazilian households. Methods Low-income households were selected from the Household Budget Survey (24,688 households) and National Dietary Survey (6,032 households, 16,962 individuals), from where we obtained food prices and consumption data. Food quantities were modeled using linear programming to find diets that meet nutritional recommendations in two sets of models: cost-constrained (the cost should not be higher than the observed diet cost) and cost-free. Minimum and maximum amounts of each food in the modelled diets were allowed at three levels of food acceptability: rigorous (least deviance from the current observed diets), moderate, and flexible (higher deviance from the current observed diets). Results We found no feasible solution that would accommodate all the nutritional targets. The most frequent limiting nutrients were calcium; vitamins D, E, and A; zinc; fiber; sodium; and saturated and trans-fats. However, increases in nutrient contents were observed, especially for fiber, calcium, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E. In general, the best achievement was obtained with cost-free models. Fruits and beans increased in all models; large increase in whole cereals was observed only in the flexible models; large increase in vegetables was observed only in the cost-free models; and fish increased only in the cost-free models. Reductions were observed for rice, red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sweets. The mean observed cost was US$2.16 per person/day. The mean cost in the cost-free models was US$2.90 (moderate), US$2.70 (rigorous), and US$2.60 (flexible). Conclusion The complete nutritional adequacy is unattainable, although feasible changes would substantially improve diet quality by improving nutrient content without additional costs.

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“…Arnaut-Berilo, Delalic and Huseinbasic [13] developed a nutritional analysis for the BFB in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Nykänen, et al [14] made a similar model for cost minimized diets for low income Ghanaian families which besides optimizing looked for a solution that was culturally acceptable and included "wild" food items that were available to certain communities that lived in a rural setting; Parlesak, et al [15] used linear programming to develop a cost minimized nutritionally adequate health promoting food baskets within the greater Copenhagen area for a family of four also taking into account cultural acceptability; Santos et. Al [16] implemented similar methodology to determine food choices to meet nutrient recommendations for adult Brazilian population. As can be seen the linear programming approach has been used in countries that are vastly different both geographically and culturally around the world.…”

Section: A Linear Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Programming as a tool to fulfill nutritional requirements using the Honduran Basic Food Basket

Montenegro¹

2019

Proceedings of the 17th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Industry, Innovation

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Honduras is a country with a high poverty rate which, amongst other factors, is a key contributor to problems of malnutrition in the population. Linear programming was utilized as a tool to determine the best combination of items of the essential Basic Food Basket (BFB) established by the government in order to fulfill the nutritional requirements of a family unit. In addition to information about the essential BFB, food composition tables and dietary reference intakes as well as upper intake levels were researched in order to formulate the mathematical model. Minimum wage information was also collected as well as food based dietary guidelines for Honduras. Three models were created with varying degrees of constraints and solved utilizing the Solver add in of Microsoft Excel. Optimum solution across all models only chose 33% or less of the food items in the essential BFB; the third model showed that for an average family of 4 the minimum wage is used up almost in its entirety which indicates that the BFB is not affordable for the majority of the population.

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Food choices to meet nutrient recommendations for the adult Brazilian population based on the linear programming approach

Abstract: Linear programming is a unique tool to identify which changes in the current diet can increase nutrient intake and place the population at lower risk of nutrient inadequacy. Reaching nutritional adequacy for all nutrients would require major dietary changes in the Brazilian diet.

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios

Planning dietary improvements without additional costs for low-income individuals in Brazil: linear programming optimization as a tool for public policy in nutrition and health

Linear Programming as a tool to fulfill nutritional requirements using the Honduran Basic Food Basket

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