Food Allergy

Sathe, Shridhar K.; Liu, Changqi; Zaffran, Valerie D.

doi:10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033308

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…55 CyTOF is a novel mass cytometry technique, which combines flow cytometry and mass spectrometry and allows for more than 40 targets to be detected in a single sampling of cells by labeling with metal isotypes rather than flurochromes. This method provides lesser signal overlap and offers a platform for a more comprehensive investigation of immune cell phenotypes compared with the traditional flow cytometry method.…”

Section: Mechanistic Studies: Common Methods and Experimental Models mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syed et al 55 looked at CD4 + CD25hi-Foxp3 + Tregs, previously proliferated in the presence of peanut, to assess immune tolerance during an OIT trial. The same study also used epigenetic investigations to track hypomethylation of Foxp3 CpG sites of allergen-induced Tregs during OIT, which may also help to indicate clinical tolerance.…”

Section: Mechanistic Studies: Common Methods and Experimental Models mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Sampath

Tupa

Graham

et al. 2017

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Objective To review our current understanding of immunotherapy, the immune mechanisms underlying food allergy, and the methodological advances that are furthering our understanding of the role of immune cells and other molecules in mediating food allergies. Data Sources Literature searches were performed using the following combination of terms: allergy, immunotherapy, food, and mechanisms. Data from randomized clinical studies using state-of-the-art mechanistic tools were prioritized. Study Selections Articles were selected based on their relevance to food allergy. Results Current standard of care for food allergies is avoidance of allergenic foods and the use of epinephrine in case of severe reaction during unintentional ingestion. During the last few decades, great strides have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying food allergy, and this information is spearheading the development of exciting new treatments. Conclusion Immunotherapy protocols are effective in desensitizing individuals to specific allergens; however, recurrence of allergic sensitization is common after discontinuation of therapy. Interestingly, in a subset of individuals, immunotherapy is protective against allergens even after discontinuation of immunotherapy. Whether this protection is permanent is currently unknown because of inadequate long-term follow-up data. Research on understanding the underlying mechanisms may assist in modifying protocols to improve outcome and enable sustained unresponsiveness, rather than a temporary relief against food allergies. The cellular changes brought about by immunotherapy are still a black box, but major strides in our understanding are being made at an exciting pace.

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Section: Mechanistic Studies: Common Methods and Experimental Models mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanistic Studies: Common Methods and Experimental Models mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Sampath

Tupa

Graham

et al. 2017

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…These responses include B cell differentiation, the production of antigen‐specific IgE and secretion of a range of cytokines and chemokines . The IgE‐triggered release of chemical mediators from granulocytes ultimately results in systemic symptoms that characterize an allergic reaction, including urticaria and anaphylaxis . These reactions are maintained by late‐phase chemokine and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion, and subsequent recruitment of additional leucocytes …”

Section: Ige‐mediated Food Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in food allergy

Poole

Song

Brown

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Food allergies are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in young children. Epidemiological evidence from the past decade suggests a role of vitamin D in food allergy pathogenesis. Links have been made between variations in sunlight exposure, latitude, birth season and vitamin D status with food allergy risk. Despite the heightened interest in vitamin D in food allergies, it remains unclear by which exact mechanism(s) it acts. An understanding of the roles vitamin D plays within the immune system at the cellular and genetic levels, as well as the interplay between the microbiome and vitamin D, will provide insight into the importance of the vitamin in food allergies. Here, we discuss the effect of vitamin D on immune cell maturation, differentiation and function; microbiome; genetic and epigenetic regulation (eg DNA methylation); and how these processes are implicated in food allergies.

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“…Selection of protein and peptide targets necessarily begins with the selection of one or more food allergens of interest as shown in Figure 1. For the big eight food allergens, which are responsible for a majority of allergic reactions, the proteins responsible for clinical reactivity are generally well understood 68,69 and are often abundant within the food. For example, 94% of egg-allergic individuals were sensitized to egg white protein Gal d 2 (ovalbumin), 70 which comprises 54% of egg white protein; 71 45–87.5% of peanut-allergic individuals were sensitized to Ara h 3 (an 11S globulin), 72,73 which comprises ~30% of peanut protein; 74 85–100% of peanut-allergic individuals were sensitized to Ara h 2 (a 2S albumin), 72,75 which comprises roughly 10% of peanut protein; 74 and over 85% of milk-allergic individuals were sensitized to the dominant casein protein fraction in milk.…”

Section: Allergenic Protein and Peptide Target Selection In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food allergen detection by mass spectrometry: the role of systems biology

Croote

Quake

2016

npj Syst Biol Appl

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Food allergy prevalence is rising worldwide, motivating the development of assays that can sensitively and reliably detect trace amounts of allergens in manufactured food. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising alternative to commonly employed antibody-based assays owing to its ability to quantify multiple proteins in complex matrices with high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss a targeted MS workflow for the quantitation of allergenic protein in food products that employs selected reaction monitoring (SRM). We highlight the aspects of SRM method development unique to allergen quantitation and identify opportunities for simplifying the process. One promising avenue identified through a comprehensive survey of published MS literature is the use of proteotypic peptides, which are peptides whose presence appears robust to variations in food matrix, sample preparation protocol, and MS instrumentation. We conclude that proteotypic peptides exist for a subset of allergenic milk, egg, and peanut proteins. For less studied allergens such as soy, wheat, fish, shellfish, and tree nuts, we offer guidance and tools for peptide selection and specificity verification as part of an interactive web database, the Allergen Peptide Browser (http://www.AllergenPeptideBrowser.org). With ongoing improvements in MS instrumentation, analysis software, and strategies for targeted quantitation, we expect an increasing role of MS as an analytical tool for ensuring regulatory compliance.

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Food Allergy

Cited by 75 publications

References 180 publications

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in food allergy

Food allergen detection by mass spectrometry: the role of systems biology

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