Food Additives and Contaminants: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota&amp;mdash;A Review

Roca-Saavedra, Paula; Mendez-Vilabrille, Veronica; Miranda, José M.; Lamas, Alexandre; Nebot, Carolina; Cardelle‐Cobas, Alejandra; Franco, Carlos; Cepeda, Alberto

doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0119.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…Subsequently, with the increase in Proteobacteria in the ASP250 treated pigs, there was an increase in populations of Escherichia coli, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family [43]. In mice, the use of antibiotics has also been found to result in the disruption of the microbiota composition with increased levels of Proteobacteria as well as inflammation in the intestines [44,45]. Based on these previous findings, the use of the antibiotic, flavophospholipol, in the present study may have a disruptive impact on the porcine fecal microbiota with the expansion of Proteobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of flavophospholipol on fecal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Nair

Farzan

Weese

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The heightened prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium in nursery pigs remains a public health and food safety concern. Studies have reported antibiotic, flavophospholipol, may have the ability to reduce Salmonella in swine, as well as alter the gut microbiota in favour of beneficial bacteria by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the fecal microbiota of weaned pigs receiving in-feed flavophospholipol and challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Results Twenty-one weaned pigs were fed either a diet containing 4 ppm of flavophospholipol (treatment group) or a non-medicated feed (control group) for 36 days post-weaning (Day 1 to Day 36). The pigs were orally challenged with a 2 mL dose of 10 8 CFU/mL of S. Typhimurium at Day 7 and Day 8. Community bacterial DNA extracted from fecal samples collected at Day 6 (before challenge) and Day 36 (28 days after challenge) were used to assess the fecal microbiota using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene with Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing. Sequencing data were visualized using mothur, and analyzed in JMP and R. The fecal microbiota of pigs in treatment group had significant differences in abundance of phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria) and genera ( Lactobacillus, Roseburia , Treponema, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Blautia , Streptococcus , Megasphaera , Dorea , Sporobacter , Peptococcus , unclassified Firmicutes, Clostridium IV and Campylobacter) when compared to pigs that controls 28 days after challenge with Salmonella ( P <0.05). Specifically, results demonstrated a significant increase in phylum Proteobacteria ( P= 0.001) and decrease in Firmicutes ( P =0.012) and genus Roseburia ( P =0.003) in the treated pigs suggestive of possible microbial dysbiosis. An increased abundance of genera Treponema ( P =0.012) and Lactobacillus ( P =0.012) was also noted in the treated group in comparison to the control. Conclusion Based on these findings, it is difficult to conclude whether treatment with 4 ppm of flavophospholipol is aiding in reducing Salmonella and promoting favorable indigenous bacteria in the pig microbiota as previous literature has suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of flavophospholipol on fecal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Nair

Farzan

Weese

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Dado que existe um forte marketing, ampla comercialização e que os eventos esportivos profissionais são, na maioria das vezes, patrocinados pela indústria de suplementos, os atletas/desportistas podem ficar com a impressão de que suplementos são essenciais para um ótimo desempenho. No entanto, esses produtos são frequentemente mais caros do que os alimentos naturais, têm baixo conteúdo de bioativos e elevada quantidade de aditivos alimentares, os quais vêm sendo associados a alteração da microbiota e aumento de permeabilidade intestinal 5,6 .…”

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Alimentos vs. suplementos fontes de carboidratos: Efeitos na performance

Jackix¹

2019

Rev Bras Nutr Func

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Several studies point to the need for carbohydrate intake (CHOs) to improve athlete performance and recovery. Thus, the supplement industry offers a wide variety of CHO-based products such as beverages, gels, candies, gums and bars, many of which are considered processed and/or ultraprocessed. Few studies have studied the role of food, rather than supplement, in relation to athlete performance or health. Thus, this review aimed to compare food intake versus carbohydrate supplementation in health and sports performance. Supplements offer advantages such as adequate amounts of carbohydrates with less volume when compared to food, practicality and the possibility of positively influencing the athlete (due to the psychological aspect). On the other hand, fruits, fruit juices, dehydrated fruits, roots, tubers and cereals are cheaper, more natural, healthier and more palatable alternatives. When compared to supplements, raisins, bananas and watermelon juice are good alternatives during long exercises, because they offer carbohydrates and a wide range of antioxidants, essential for the reduction of muscle pain and the recovery of the athlete. However, the studies show no difference in performance when comparing food (raisins, bananas, watermelon juice) and supplements/solutions of isolated carbohydrates. Chocolate milk seems to be a good alternative in post workout when compared to placebo drinks with similar composition of protein, CHO and lipid, to help in glycogen replacement and muscle fiber recovery. Those effects are attributed not only to the presence of CHOs, but also to antioxidants and to other nutrients that act in synergy on muscle recovery.

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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Vitamins D + A in Multiple Sclerosis

2018

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Central to the understanding of the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and vitamins D and A in multiple sclerosis is low-grade inflammation, which is involved in all chronic inflammatory diseases and is influenced by each of the above effectors. We show that food components have either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects and influence both the human metabolism (the "metabolome") and the composition of gut microbiota. Hypercaloric, high-animal-fat Western diets favor anabolism and change gut microbiota composition towards dysbiosis. Subsequent intestinal inflammation leads to leakage of the gut barrier, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and neuroinflammation. Conversely, a vegetarian diet, rich in fiber, is coherent with gut eubiosis and a healthy condition. Vitamin D levels, mainly insufficient in a persistent low-grade inflammatory status, can be restored to optimal values only by administration of high amounts of cholecalciferol. At its optimal values (>30 ng/ml), vitamin D requires vitamin A for the binding to the vitamin D receptor and exert its anti-inflammatory action. Both vitamins must be supplied to the subjects lacking vitamin D. We conclude that nutrients, including the nondigestible dietary fibers, have a leading role in tackling the low-grade inflammation associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Their action is mediated by gut microbiota and any microbial change induced by diet modifies host-microbe interactions in a consequent way, to improve the disease or worsen it.

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Food Additives and Contaminants: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota—A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 100 publications

Effect of flavophospholipol on fecal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Effect of flavophospholipol on fecal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Alimentos vs. suplementos fontes de carboidratos: Efeitos na performance

Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Vitamins D + A in Multiple Sclerosis

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