Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

Raoul, Pauline; Cintoni, Marco; Palombaro, Marta; Basso, L.; Rinninella, Emanuele; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Mele, Maria Cristina

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010167

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…Depletion of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium species with an increase in levels of E. coli are typically found in CD and UC patients. Studies by Naimi et al [ 13 ] and Gerasimidis et al [ 14 ] thus supported the hypothesis, stated in the review by Raoul et al [ 15 ], that certain emulsifiers, including P80 and carrageenan-kappa, can exacerbate specific microbial variations that can be related back to CD and UC pathogenesis [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Food Processing and Additives And Risk Of Ibdmentioning

confidence: 77%

Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

et al. 2023

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Diet is intimately linked to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has potent effects on intestinal immune homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The therapeutic implications of diet in patients with IBD have received significant attention in recent years. In this review, we provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of dietary exposures and interventions in IBD. Epidemiological studies suggest that ultra-processed foods, food additives, and emulsifiers are associated with a higher incidence of IBD. Exclusion and elimination diets are associated with improved symptoms in patients with IBD, but no effects on objective markers of inflammation. Specific dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean, specific carbohydrate, high fiber, ketogenic, anti-inflammatory diets) have been shown to reduce symptoms, improve inflammatory biomarkers, and quality of life metrics to varying degrees, but these studies are limited by study design, underpowering, heterogeneity, and confounding. To date, there is no robust evidence that any dietary intervention alone may replace standard therapies in patients with IBD. However, diet may play an adjunct role to induce or maintain clinical remission with standard IBD therapies. The results of novel dietary trials in IBD such as personalized fiber, intermittent fasting, and time-restricted diets are eagerly awaited.

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Section: Food Processing and Additives And Risk Of Ibdmentioning

confidence: 77%

Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

et al. 2023

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“…As reviewed by Raoul et al [ 65 ], other additives, such as dietary emulsifiers, including lecithins and fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, could induce the dysbiosis associated with an alteration of the intestinal barrier, promoting chronic inflammation and abnormal immune response.…”

Section: Food Additives and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dietary Factors on the Gut Microbiota

2022

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There is increasing evidence that diet influences the relationship between gut microbiota and individual health outcomes. Nutrient intake affects the composition of the gut microbial community and provides metabolites that influence the host physiology. Dietary patterns, including macronutrient balance and feeding/fasting cycles which may be manipulated with dietary regimens based on caloric restriction periods, influence the gut homeostasis through its impact on the microbial ecosystem. Along the same line, prebiotic and probiotic ingredients and additives in foods, as well as the degree of food processing have consequences on gut microbiota and the related immune and metabolic response of the human host. Acquiring knowledge of these aspects, especially through an -omics-integral approach, might provide the basis for personalized nutritional interventions directed to avoid dysbiosis and contribute to the prevention of major chronic degenerative diseases. Despite vast scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. There is a lack of well-designed longitudinal studies performed in target population groups whose dietary patterns can be particularly relevant for their future health, as is the case in infants, pregnant women, or athletes.

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“…Food products from the Western world are often processed and preserved using food additives to optimize flavor, color, and texture artificially. A recent review by Raoul et al nicely describes the associations of food additives and IBD concerning alterations in the gut microbiome and impacts on gastrointestinal homeostasis [ 71 ]. Food-processing often involves the usage of nano-additives [ 72 ], including silver (Ag) (E174), iron oxide (FeO) (E172), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) (E551), and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) (E171) nanoparticles, which are nowadays an implicit part of the human diet.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Contribute To Epithelial Activation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet

Schwarzfischer

Rogler

2022

Metabolites

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Nano- and microparticles are an implicit part of the human diet. They are unknowingly ingested with our food that contains them as additives or pollutants. However, their impact on human health is not yet understood and controversially discussed. The intestinal epithelial barrier shields our body against exogenous influences, such as commensal bacteria, pathogens, and body-foreign particles and, therefore, protects our body integrity. Breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and aberrant immune responses are key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epithelial lesions might enable systemic translocation of nano- and microparticles into the system, eventually triggering an excessive immune response. Thus, IBD patients could be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects caused by the ingestion of synthetic particles with food. The food-additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) serves as a coloring agent in food products and is omnipresent in the Western diet. TiO2 nanoparticles exacerbate intestinal inflammation by activation of innate and adaptive immune response. Because of serious safety concerns, the use of TiO2 as a food additive was recently banned from food production within the European Union. Due to environmental pollution, plastic has entered the human food chain, and plastic microparticles have been evidenced in the drinking water and comestible goods. The impact of plastic ingestion and its resulting consequences on human health is currently the subject of intense research. Focusing on TiO2 and plastic particles in the human diet and their impact on epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation, this review is addressing contemporary hot topics which are currently attracting a lot of public attention.

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Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

Cited by 43 publications

References 157 publications

Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

The Influence of Dietary Factors on the Gut Microbiota

The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet

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