Food Addiction in Adolescents: Exploration of psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties in a non-clinical sample.

Rodrigue, Christopher; Gearhardt, Ashley N.; Bégin, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.034

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[ 23 25 ] According to the results of Rodrigue et al 's study, the prevalence of food addiction in overweight or obese adolescents varied between 10% and 38%. [ 21 ] These results are consistent with the results of the present study, which indicated that the prevalence of food addiction was higher among the obese participants (29%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In large-scale studies conducted on adolescents, the prevalence of food addiction has been found to range between 2% and 16%. [ 21 ] In a study which included 600 high school students from three randomly selected high schools, the prevalence of food addiction was 12.4%,[ 22 ] which was somewhat lower than that (18.9%) determined in the present study. This difference might be due to the higher prevalence of obesity in the participants in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

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Food addiction: A key factor contributing to obesity?

Meseri

Akanalci

2020

J Res Med Sci

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Background: People may develop addiction to hyperpalatable foods, which may be a cause of obesity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among adolescents and the effect of food addiction on obesity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, food addiction and obesity status of high school students were investigated. Among 17,000 10 th and 11 th grade students, assuming the design effect as 2.0, with obesity prevalence of 10%, with 3% error, and 95% confidence interval, at least 752 participants were included. Obesity was the dependent variable, whereas sociodemographic characteristics, body image, eating habits, and food addiction were the independent variables. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Obesity was determined by age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles for adolescents < 18 years of age and BMI ≥ 30.0 for those aged ≥ 18. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. After adjustment for age, sex, and other variables, the effect of food addiction on obesity was determined through logistic regression. P <0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: Among adolescents ( n = 874), 18.9% were food addict, 25.1% were overweight, and 12.1% were obese. After adjusted for age, sex, and other variables, food addiction significantly increased the risk of obesity (odds ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.167–3.335). Having a fragmented family, working mother, overweight father, and participants not knowing their weight correctly significantly increased obesity. Conclusion: While quarter of the adolescents had weight problems, one-fifth suffered from food addiction. After adjusting for confounders, food addiction significantly increased obesity. Identifying individuals with food addiction, providing treatment to overcome that, paying special attention to adolescents with obese parents or living in fragmented families, and providing support to both parents and adolescents could be useful in tackling obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Food addiction: A key factor contributing to obesity?

Meseri

Akanalci

2020

J Res Med Sci

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“…Since then, a growing body of literature on the study of FA in adolescents has been observed, offering a broader understanding of this condition. For example, FA symptoms have already been found as highly correlated with more disrupted eating behaviors, as well as more impulsivity, depressive and anxiety symptoms in this population [21,22,25,26,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Participants were 50 adolescents (38 girls and 12 boys; Mean age = 15.20; SD = 1.62), selected from a larger non-clinical sample previously recruited to participate in a research study on eating behaviors in adolescents, as described in Rodrigue et al [31]. To be included, participants were required to be aged 12-18, and have previously consent to be contacted to take part in the present study.…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More precisely, they reported significantly more difficulties on both indexes, assessing behavioural regulation (inhibition, shifting, emotional control, monitoring) and metacognitive (working memory, planning/organize, organization of materials, and task completion) difficulties. It indicates that they reported more self-regulatory weakness in their everyday life, in comparison to adolescents with lower levels of FA symptoms [31]. So far, only one study has included neuropsychological tasks to assess executive functions in adolescents, according to FA symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Addiction and Cognitive Functioning: What Happens in Adolescents?

2020

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This study aimed to examine cognitive factors associated to food addiction (FA) symptoms in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. A group of 25 adolescents (12–18 years; Mean age = 15.2 years) with a high level of FA symptoms (two and more) were compared to a control group without FA symptoms (n = 25), matched on sex and age, on four Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) neuropsychological tasks (MT: Multitasking Test; OTS: One Touch Stockings of Cambridge; SST: Stop Signal Task; RVP: Rapid Visual Information Processing). They were also compared on self-reported questionnaires assessing binge eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity levels, as well as executive functioning difficulties. Group comparisons did not show significant differences on neuropsychological tasks’ performances. However, effect sizes’ estimates showed small to medium effect sizes on three scores: adolescents with a high level of FA symptoms showed a higher probability of an error following an incorrect answer (OTS), a higher probability of false alarm, and a poorer target sensitivity (RVP). When referring to self-reported measurements, they reported significantly more executive functioning difficulties, more binge eating, depressive symptoms and higher impulsivity levels. Overall, results suggested that cognitive difficulties related to FA symptoms seem to manifest themselves more clearly when assessing daily activities with a self-reported questionnaire, which in turn are strongly related to overeating behaviors and psychological symptoms. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine the evolution of those variables, their relationships, and contribution in obesity onset. More precisely, the present findings highlighted the importance of affective difficulties related to this condition, as well as the need to take them into account in its assessment.

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