Following Up of Surgical Treated Human Liver Cystic Echinococcosis: A Proteomics Approach

Abstract

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic zoonosis in the world. Post-surgery follow up in CE patients is an important non-solved problem up to now. Therefore, the investigations on this problematic issue would be very applicable in the view of CE clinical treatment.
 Methods: A total of 24 confirmed liver CE patients sera including eight sera before surgery (BS), eight sera three months post-surgery (3MPS), and eight sera six months postsurgery (6MPS) were used in the present study. Proteomics methods including 2DE and LC-MS/MS were performed on the specimens followed by bioinformatics analysis such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis.
 Results: A total of 235 proteins were detected of which 12 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were identified by LC-MS/MS in all sera. The proteins were presented in BS and suppressed after surgery as follows: HPX, SERPINA1, SERPINC1, CP, HBD, and HBA2. Comparisons of the protein expression in sera of patients BS, 3MPS, and 6MPS revealed that GC, IGJ, AHSG, CD5L, FGG, and APOC3 have been overexpressed in 3MPS and 6MPS. PPI network analysis demonstrated that SERPINC1 and AHSG with more connection in the network could be considered as hub proteins and potential prognostic biomarkers in response to surgical treatment of liver CE.
 Conclusion: Application of proteomics methods on patient’s sera could be used as a novel biomarker tool for following-up liver CE patients. In this regards, proteomics and, application of bioinformatics analysis including GO and PPI showed that SERPINC1, AHSG and HPX are of more value as a potential follow up biomarkers in response to surgical treatment.

Evaluation of the Ability of Antigen B Originated from Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis For the Diagnosis of Confirmed Human Cystic Echinococcosis Using ELISA

“…However, its specificity is often unsatisfactory and cross-reactivity with sera from patients suffering from other cestode, trematode and nematode infections, malignancies, liver cirrhosis and even in presence of anti-P1 antibodies is commonly reported (5,12). Other antigens such as somatic and excretory products of protoscoleces or adult worm were also utilized during different studies (16,20,33).…”

“…We believed that, an appropriate immunodiagnostic test depends on different aspects including the protocol of the tests and nature of the applied antigens (37)(38). The serodiagnosis sensitivity and specificity of the immunological and advanced tests are usually varied based on antigen type, methodology, the geographical region, and cross-reaction (16,(39)(40).…”

“…Application of antigen B for serodiagnosis of human CE has been evaluated many years ago (46). Its sensitivity has been reported between 60 to ≥96% (16,20,35,42,43). The nature and quality of antigen B in hydatid cyst fluid have been reported to be variable among the host species, which could be one of the reasons why different laboratories usually obtain different results when they use AgB prepared from different host species.…”

“…Advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) especially in the early stages of cyst formation are also required (11,12). Application of other techniques such as proteomics to investigate biomarkers in patients as well as developed DNA-based methods that are able to distinguish Echinococcus species following clinical biopsy of suspected CE cases has been used (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

“…The antigen was approved by the WHO. It has already been used for serodiagnosis of the disease (15,16,(18)(19)(20)(21).…”