Evaluation of the Ability of Antigen B Originated from Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis For the Diagnosis of Confirmed Human Cystic Echinococcosis Using ELISA

Abstract

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide. Application of species-specific antigen for serodiagnosis of human CE has not been utilized, so far. In this regard, AgB originated from Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) and E. canadensis (G6/G7) CE cysts, confirmed by molecular biology and sequencing was used for evaluation of their ability in the diagnosis of confirmed human CE.
 Methods: The hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis species were separately, used for preparation of AgB during 2017-2018 in Shiraz and Tehran, Iran. A total of 45 sera samples from confirmed CE patients, 102 sera from healthy people as negative control and 44 sera from other parasitic diseases, were used for measurement of the diagnostic ability of antigen B originated from E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis species of CE, alone or in 50%:50% mixture using ELISA method.
 Results: Overall, 38 (84.4%) out of 45 confirmed human CE were positive by ELISA using AgB originated from E. granulosus sensu stricto. This items for AgB originated from E. canadensis was 39 (86.6) out of 45 serum samples. A total of 39 out of 45 samples (86.6%) showed positivity by a mixture of antigen B originating from both species. The specificity of the above tests was calculated as 93.15%, 96.58%, and 93.84%, respectively.
 Conclusion: Due to the diversity of the cyst species in human population, application of AgB from prevalent species alone or in combination with other species is suggested

Comparison of Native Hydatid Cyst Fluid (HCF), Lyophilized HCF, Antigen B (AgB) and Lyophilized AgB (LAgB) Originated from Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto for Sero-Diagnosis of Active, Transitional and Inactive Human Liver Cystic Echinococcosis

“…A 38-mer peptide (p176) of the AgB/1 subunit has been applied in an Elisa test with a higher sensitivity (80%) and specificity (94%) than native AgB, Ag5, or any other peptide antigen tested ( 15 ). In another study AgB has preferred to HCF in initial laboratory studies, with 94% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity for diagnosing of Echinococcus infections ( 20 ). Iranian AgB has higher sensitivity (96.4%) in compare with Chinese AgB, HCF and recombinant antigens that utilized ( 35 ).…”

“…In the field of serological methods different native and recombinant antigens have been used for CE sero-diagnosis ( 4 , 17 – 20 ). Lyophilization has been used for a part of some studies ( 21 – 22 ).…”

MicroRNA-145 enhances lung cancer cell progression after exposure to lyophilized fertile hydatid cyst fluid ofEchinococcus granulosussensu stricto

“…Viability of the PSCs was confirmed by eosin (0.1%) and trypan blue dyes under a light microscope. In order to purify the fertile hydatid cyst fluid, 100 mL of HCF was dialyzed overnight against 5 mM of sodium acetate buffer (0.005 M; pH 5) at 4°C [15]. Bradford protein assay was used to determine its concentration [16].…”

Ultrasound diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: updates and implications for clinical management

“…Additionally, a negative serology cannot exclude the diagnosis of CE because in many conditions CE is associated with seronegative results. Low sensitivity of seroassays in confirmed CE cases is well-known to occur in the presence of “early” (CE1) and “inactive” (CE4–CE5) stage cysts (Tamarozzi et al 2021b), extra-hepatic cyst localizations (Rahimi et al 2011; Santivañez et al 2012; Sanchez-Ovejero et al 2020), and single, small, and uncomplicated CE cysts (Hernandez-Gonzalez et al 2012; Santivañez et al 2012; Lissandrin et al 2016; Sanchez-Ovejero et al . 2020).…”