Follow up study of renal tubular dysfunction and mortality in residents of an area polluted with cadmium.

Abstract

Urinary #,-microglobulin (/,-m) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay with Phadebas /2-microtests (Pharmacia/Shionogi, Osaka), and urinary total amino nitrogen concentration by the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid method.In August 1990, we checked vital status of the 230 participants in the health surveys. The observation period was from the date of the initial examination to the date of death or transfer or 1 August 1990. Of 230 subjects in the cohort, 88 had died and three had moved out of the study area. The total number of observation person-years was 2700-7.Results and discussion The mean age of the study population at the time of initial examination was 61-9 (standard deviation (SD) 11-8) for men and 63-5 (SD 12-7) for women.The geometric mean ofurinary #,2-M concentration at the initial examination was 418-3 (SD 4 88) pg/g creatinine for men and 642-2 (SD 6-41) pg/g creatinine for women. The geometric mean urinary total amino nitrogen concentration was 14-1 (SD 1-48) mmol/g creatinine for men and 16-7 (SD 1 51) mmol/ g creatinine for women.All subjects were dichotomised according to their urinary #,-m concentration.

Kidney Dysfunction and Hypertension: Role for Cadmium, P450 and Heme Oxygenases?

“…Mortality risk was increased by 40-80 % in people with signs of Cd-linked tubular injury (Iwata et al 1992;Nakagawa et al 1993Nakagawa et al , 1999Nakagawa and Nishijo 1996). Urinary excretion levels of Cd and β 2-microglobulin were associated with mortality risk in a dose-dependent manner .…”

Mortality and cancer incidence among a population previously exposed to environmental cadmium

“…In contrast, it was reported that the mortality among male subjects with urinary RBP concentrations ³4 mg/l (measured by the single radial immunodiusion method) was signi®cantly higher than that among those with urinary RBP concentrations <4 mg/l in a Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa Prefecture (Nakagawa et al 1987). These contradictory ®ndings prompted us to perform historical cohort studies in Cd-polluted areas in Nagasaki and Akita Prefectures (Iwata et al 1991(Iwata et al , 1992. The result was that in both male and female subjects, urinary b 2 M (U-b 2 M) concentration was a signi®cant predictor of mortality independent of age (Iwata et al 1991).…”

Antioxidant effects of curcumin against cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress in the blood of rats

“…Cd emissions into the environment are normally continuous between the three main environmental compartments, air, water and soil. The majority of Cd exposure arises from ingestion of food substances due to uptake of Cd by plants from fertilizers, sewage, sludge, manure and atmospheric deposition (Anderson et al, 1988;Hotz et al, 1989;Lauwerys et al, 1991;Iwata et al, 1992;Bernard et al, 1992;Ikeda et al, 2000). Human uptake of Cd is mainly through cigarette smoking, food and water intake.…”