Folkes<i>et al.</i>Reply:

Folkes, P. A.; Dutta, Mitra; Rudin, S.; Shen, Hao; Zhou, Weimin; Smith, Denis; Taysing‐Lara, M.; Newman, P. G.; Cole, M. W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.74.4356

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In case (b), the system can be treated as a system of dipole excitons in the presence of a 2DEG in one well. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra caused by the recombination of 2D electrons in a single heterojunction quantum well (SHQW) result in the experimental observation of the excitons coexisting with a degenerate 2DEG in the same subband [12]. As shown by time-resolved PL measurements, an increase in the integrated PL intensity and the anomalously fast occurrence of PL from the region around the filament is induced by the screening response of the 2DEG-exciton system to the abrupt appearance of a remote photocurrent filament in the 2DEG [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Collective properties of excitons in the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas

Berman

Gumbs

Folkes

2010

Solid State Communications

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We have studied the collective properties of two-dimensional (2D) excitons immersed within a quantum well which contains 2D excitons and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We have also analyzed the excitations for a system of 2D dipole excitons with spatially separated electrons and holes in a pair of quantum wells (CQWs) when one of the wells contains a 2DEG. Calculations of the superfluid density and the Kosterlitz-Thouless (K-T) phase transition temperature for the 2DEG-exciton system in a quantum well have shown that the K-T transition temperature increases with increasing exciton density and that it might be possible to have fast long range transport of excitons. The superfluid density and the K-T transition temperature for dipole excitons in CQWs in the presence of a 2DEG in one of the wells increases with increasing inter-well separation.The great interest to the dipole excitons in coupled quantum wells (CQWs) with spatially separated electron QW and hole QW interest has been stimulated by the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and the superfluidity of dipole excitons formed from electron-hole (e-h) pairs. These may result in persistent electrical currents in each QW or coherent optical properties and Josephson junction phenomena [1-7]. The great experimental success was achieved now in this field [8][9][10][11]. The coupled QW system is conceptually simple: negative electrons are trapped in a two-dimensional plane, while an equal number of positive holes is trapped in a parallel plane a distance D away. In this system, the electron and hole wavefunctions have very little overlap, so that the excitons can have very long lifetime (> 100 ns), and therefore they can be treated as metastable particles to which quasiequlibrium statistics apply. Also, when D is large enough,

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confidence: 99%

Collective properties of excitons in the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas

Berman

Gumbs

Folkes

2010

Solid State Communications

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“…In addition to the classes described below, further serine/threonine protein kinases, including ATM (Q13315) and mTOR (P42345), have been described to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and have been termed PI3K-related kinases. Sub/family-selective inhibitors pictilisib (pIC 50 8.5) [200] pictilisib (pIC 50 7.5) [200] pictilisib (pIC 50 7.1) [200] pictilisib (pIC 50 8.5) [200] Selective inhibitors GSK1059615 (pIC 50 8.7) [368] -CZC 24832 (pIC 50 7.6) [48] -Comments: Wortmannin also inhibits type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and polo-like kinase [422]. PIK93 also inhibits PI 3-kinases [369].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Enzymes

Alexander

Fabbro

Kelly

et al. 2021

British J Pharmacology

368

288

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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15542. Enzymes are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.

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“…My colleagues and I have recently observed [15] excitons that coexist with a degenerate 2D electron gas (2DEG) in the same subband (that is, Mahan excitons) in the PL spectra from the recombination of quasi-2D electrons with localized photoexcited holes in a single heterojunction quantum well (SHQW). When the 2DEG density n s = 1.9 x 10 11 cm -2 , we observed an abrupt decrease in the quasi-2D Mahan exciton (X) PL intensity and linewidth, along with the formation of quasi-2D biexcitons (XX) and a large discontinuity in the X groundstate energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Biexcitons in a Single Heterojunction Quantum Well

Folkes¹

1999

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Excitons that coexist with a degenerate two-dimensional electron gas in the same quantum well subband have been observed in the photoluminescence from the recombination of electrons with localized photoexcited holes. At a critical electron density, an abrupt decrease in the exciton radiative recombination rate is observed, along with the formation of biexcitons. With increased excitation intensity, photoluminescence spectra are observed that verify theory on the radiative renormalization of biexcitons and strongly indicate the occurrence of a Bose-Einstein condensation of biexcitons.

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Folkeset al.Reply:

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Collective properties of excitons in the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas

Collective properties of excitons in the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Enzymes

Condensation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Biexcitons in a Single Heterojunction Quantum Well

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