Folic acid fortification above mandated levels results in a low prevalence of folate inadequacy among Canadians

Shakur, Yaseer A; Garriguet, Didier; Corey, Paul; O'Connor, Deborah L

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29696

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Dos principais achados, destaca-se um declínio importante, entre 60% a quase 100%, na prevalência de inadequação de ingestão de folato, considerada como o percentual da população que não atinge o valor de recomendação correspondente a EAR, em todas as faixas etárias e em ambos os sexos, similar a outros países que adotaram a fortificação com ácido fólico de caráter mandatório 13,34,35,36 . Em relação aos grupos estudados, nota-se que os adolescentes apresentaram as maiores reduções, possivelmente em decorrência do consumo de alimentos fortificados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação mandatória: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, Brasil

et al. 2013

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Analisou-se a ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação. Os dados dietéticos foram coletados por recordatório de 24 horas (R24h) no Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA-Capital) em 2003 e 2007/2008, estratificando-se a população segundo fase da vida e sexo. Utilizaram-se os valores de recomendação: necessidade média estimada (EAR) e nível máximo de ingestão tolerada (UL) e o método "EAR como ponto de corte" para estimar a inadequação da ingestão. Houve redução na prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de folato em todos os estratos, com destaque para os adolescentes e adultos do sexo masculino, de 72% para < 1% e de 76% para 6%, mas nas mulheres adultas a inadequação permaneceu elevada (38%). Antes da fortificação, o feijão foi o alimento que mais contribuiu para a ingestão de folato; após, o maior contribuinte passou a ser o pão, porém o feijão permaneceu importante. A fortificação foi bem-sucedida (aumentou a ingestão dentro de níveis seguros), porém, gera preocupação a elevada proporção no grupo alvo, mulheres adultas, que não atingem a recomendação para ingestão de folato.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Porém, no grupo dos idosos e mulheres adultas foram observadas prevalências maiores que nesses países 34,35 . Chama a atenção que quase 40% das mulheres adultas não apresentaram ingestão habitual nos valores recomendados de folato, tendo em vista que este grupo é o principal alvo da política pública de fortificação.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação mandatória: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, Brasil

et al. 2013

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“…37 To our knowledge this Canadian research is the only other study that has estimated the combined contribution of supplements and fortified food products to the FA intake of the target population. The Canadian modelling showed the prevalence of FA inadequacy (i.e.…”

Section: Scenario 4: An Increased Prevalence Of Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the impact of mandatory folic acid fortification on the folic acid intake of Australian women of childbearing age

Emmett¹,

Lawrence²,

Riley³

2011

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…In Canada, this was realized in 1998 after which cereal grain products were fortified with folic acid, a synthetic form of folate. Today, clinical folate deficiencies are rare among Canadians (Gudgeon and Cavalcanti, 2014) as folate intakes are considered to be adequate, yet highly variable (Shakur et al, 2010). Furthermore, it is expected that most Canadian neonates are folate replete due to the folic acid fortification program, and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and periconception (Houghton et al, 2009).…”

Section: Folatementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

Robinson

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The metabolism of the indispensable amino acid methionine is critical during development. Methionine is used to synthesize protein for growth and, using the methionine cycle, it is the precursor of >50 critical nutrients and contributes to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the dietary methionine requirement must factor all the potential roles of methioine. Three major processes summarize the methionine cycle: transmethylation (TM), which transfers methyl groups to nutrient precursors and DNA; transsulfuration (TS), which represents methionine disposal; and remethylation (RM), which resynthesizes methionine using the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). Dietary intakes of folate vary drastically, and choline intakes are often below the adequate intakes during preganancy and in early life, which we hypothesized would influence the methionine requirement. To test our hypothesis, we fed 4--8 day old neonatal piglets a low--methionine diet that was either deficient (MD-), or replete (MS+), in dietary methyl donors. We evaluated how methionine was balanced between the major TM reactions and protein synthesis. The MD-group exhibited marked differences in TM as creatine synthesis was ≈30% less (p<0.05), and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was ≈60% more (p<0.05) during MD-feeding. Interestingly, while MD-feeding did not affect liver protein synthesis, the methionine availablity and protein synthesis were lower in skeletal muscle of the MD-vs. MS+ animals (p<0.05). Furthermore, whole body protein turnover was also reduced during MD-feeding (p<0.05), which is significant as protein turnover is especially critical during infancy. Next, we measured the effect of methyl donors on the rates of TM, TS, and RM. The rates of RM and TM were iii reduced by ≈75% in the MD-group (p<0.05), while TS was unchanged. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of individual methyl donors on RM, we 'rescued' a second group of MD-animals with betaine (MD+B), folate (MD+F) or both (MD+FB). The rate of RM and TM increased by ≈2--fold after rescue (p<0.05) and reduced protein breakdown (p<0.05). These studies showed that dietary methyl donors affect neonatal methionine metabolism, which should be considered when defining the dietary requirements of methionine during development.iv

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Folic acid fortification above mandated levels results in a low prevalence of folate inadequacy among Canadians

Abstract: Background: Understanding folate intakes after folic acid fortification of the food supply will help to establish dietary and supplement recommendations that balance health benefits and risks.

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

Ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação mandatória: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, Brasil

Ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação mandatória: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, Brasil

Estimating the impact of mandatory folic acid fortification on the folic acid intake of Australian women of childbearing age

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

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