Fog Computing Enabled Future Mobile Communication Networks: A Convergence of Communication and Computing

Zhou, Yiqing; Tian, Lin; Liu, Ling; Qi, Yanli

doi:10.1109/mcom.2019.1800235

Cited by 141 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Better pilot utilization may be achieved by joint IQI and channel estimation, where the least squares cost function is jointly or iteratively minimized over both the fading coefficient and IQI parameters. This should outperform the blind approach at any input SIR, although it would involve nonlinear estimation techniques since the channel vector h is multiplied by and as in (7). Other extensions to this work include the design of hybrid pilot-aided and blind IQI estimation techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐complexity subspace method for I/Q imbalance estimation in low‐IF receivers with unknown fading

Gomaa

Elezabi

Eissa

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In low-intermediate-frequency (low-IF) receivers, I/Q imbalance (IQI) causes interference on the desired signal from the blocker signal transmitted over the image frequencies. Conventional approaches for pilot-aided IQI estimation in zero-IF receivers are not applicable to low-IF receivers, where the image interference is unknown at the receiver. We propose a low-complexity subspace method for the estimation of IQI parameters in low-IF receivers in the presence of unknown fading, where we utilize knowledge of the pilots to null out the signal part. This reduces the variance of the sample mean estimate and leads to faster convergence. The proposed nulling method offers significantly better image rejection at low input signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) than existing methods. Performance analysis of the output SIR as well as computer simulations are also provided. 1 INTRODUCTION One of the common impairments of the radio frequency (RF) frontend is the inphase and quadrature imbalance (IQI) embodied in the gain and phase mismatches between the inphase and quadrature mixers due to inherent manufacturing inaccuracies. 1 In the frequency-domain, the impact of IQI appears as interference between the positive and negative frequency components known as the image leakage problem. 1,2 Consequently, the IQI causes degradation in the signal-to-interference (SIR) power ratio and, hence, in the overall receiver performance and throughput. 3-5 The IQI problem is very important in 5G/6G systems where higher SINR (high IQI rejection ratio) is needed to support high QAM orders and/or high MIMO ranks. 6-9 In low-IF receivers, neighboring signals (blockers) appear as the image of the desired signal after down conversion as shown in Figure 1. 10 If these blockers leak into the desired signal due to IQI, they will severely impact the receiver performance, especially if they are stronger than the desired signal. Hence, IQI estimation and compensation is vital for low-IF receivers. The IQI in Zero-IF transmitters and receivers were studied in Reference 11, investigating the ergodic capacity in a cognitive radio system. In zero-IF receivers, both the desired signal and IQI-induced interference (image leakage) originate from the transmitted desired signal, see section 4.1.4 of Reference 1. Hence, pilots are transmitted at both the subcarrier and its image for pilot-aided IQI estimation as in References 12-16. Blind estimation algorithms were also proposed in the literature for direct conversion architecture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐complexity subspace method for I/Q imbalance estimation in low‐IF receivers with unknown fading

Gomaa

Elezabi

Eissa

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…else (9) send a request to update; (10) if request accepted then (11) update strategy d m i ; (12) end if (13) end if (14) until an Equilibrium strategy profile is gained; (15) end for ALGORITHM 1: e real-time update computation offloading algorithm (RUCO). Complexity probability vector, and the strategy selection vector is taken as the basis of strategy selection in each iteration.…”

Section: Parameter Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered as a promising paradigm for the application of distributed ideas. Edge servers are deployed on edge base stations near users to provide computing and storage capacity [10,11]. In the field of mobile networks, services are an important indicator of performance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Task Offloading Game in Multiserver Mobile Edge Computing Networks

Chen

et al. 2020

Complexity

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With the explosion of data traffic, mobile edge computing (MEC) has emerged to solve the problem of high time delay and energy consumption. In order to cope with a large number of computing tasks, the deployment of edge servers is increasingly intensive. Thus, server service areas overlap. We focus on mobile users in overlapping service areas and study the problem of computation offloading for these users. In this paper, we consider a multiuser offloading scenario with intensive deployment of edge servers. In addition, we divide the offloading process into two stages, namely, data transmission and computation execution, in which channel interference and resource preemption are considered, respectively. We apply the noncooperative game method to model and prove the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE). The real-time update computation offloading algorithm (RUCO) is proposed to obtain equilibrium offloading strategies. Due to the high complexity of the RUCO algorithm, the multiuser probabilistic offloading decision (MPOD) algorithm is proposed to improve this problem. We evaluate the performance of the MPOD algorithm through experiments. The experimental results show that the MPOD algorithm can converge after a limited number of iterations and can obtain the offloading strategy with lower cost.

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“…The licensed mmWave band is used by service providers in outdoor environments to establish high‐capacity links such as wireless backhaul or V2X links for autonomous driving . On the other hand, the unlicensed mmWave band has been used in mobile edge computing in indoor environments . For instance, the 60‐GHz band frequency has been used as a link for cache‐prefetching, AR/VR, and computing offloading between terminals and edge nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and measurement: Feasibility study of Tactile Internet applications for mmWave virtual reality

Dao

Kim

et al. 2020

ETRI Journal

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Numerous wearable technology companies have recently developed several head‐mounted display (HMD) products for virtual reality (VR) services. 5G wireless networks aim at providing high‐quality 3D multimedia services such as VR, augmented reality, and mixed reality. In this study, we examine the application of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) technology to realize low‐latency wireless communication between an HMD and its content server. However, the propagation characteristics of mmWave present several challenges such as the deafness, blockage, and beam alignment problems, and interference among content servers. In this study, we focus on an environment that provides VR services in the mmWave band and introduce existing techniques for addressing such challenges. In addition, we employ a commercialized IEEE 802.11ad VR dongle to measure the actual data rate of an mmWave VR application and identify the degree to which the performance deteriorates when the above problems occur. Finally, we verify the feasibility of the proposed solutions through a simulation of several VR scenarios in the mmWave band.

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Fog Computing Enabled Future Mobile Communication Networks: A Convergence of Communication and Computing

Cited by 141 publications

References 10 publications

Low‐complexity subspace method for I/Q imbalance estimation in low‐IF receivers with unknown fading

Low‐complexity subspace method for I/Q imbalance estimation in low‐IF receivers with unknown fading

Distributed Task Offloading Game in Multiserver Mobile Edge Computing Networks

Simulation and measurement: Feasibility study of Tactile Internet applications for mmWave virtual reality

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