Fog chemistry in the Texas–Louisiana Gulf Coast corridor

Raja, Suresh; Ravikrishna, R.; Yu, Xiao‐Ying; Lee, Taehyoung; Chen, Jing; Kommalapati, Raghava R.; Murugesan, K.; Shen, Xinhua; Yuan, Qingzhong; Valsaraj, Kalliat T.; Collett, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.004

Cited by 96 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…2 and 3. These hydroxyacids were for the first time detected in snow samples although they have been reported in rain and fog water samples (Avery et al, 2001;Pena et al, 2002;Raja et al, 2008) as well as in aerosols (Souza et al, 1999). The hydroxyacids are generally less abundant than C 1 -C 4 acids in the snow and snow pit samples, however, lactic acid was found as the third most abundant monocarboxylic acid species following C 1 and C 2 acids in snow sample No.…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Glycolic acid is also abundantly present in sugar cane and some other plants (Lehninger, 1975). Raja et al (2008) reported high abundance of lactic acid in fogwater samples from Baton Rouge and considered as a major contributor to organic carbon. They suggested that lactic acid is emitted from plant tissues in the air surrounded by agricultural farmland near the Baton Rouge sampling site.…”

Section: Possible Sources Of Low Molecular Weight Monocarboxylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low molecular weight (C1–C10) monocarboxylic acids, dissolved organic carbon and major inorganic ions in alpine snow pit sequence from a high mountain site, central Japan

Kawamura

Matsumoto

Tachibana

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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Low molecular weight (C 1 -C 10 ) monocarboxylic acids, dissolved organic carbon and major inorganic ions in alpine snow pit sequence from a high mountain site, central Japan AbstractSnowpack samples were collected from a snow pit sequence (6 m in depth) at the Murodo-Daira site near the summit of Mt. Tateyama, central Japan, an outflow region of Asian dusts. The snow samples were analyzed for a homologous series of low molecular weight normal (C 1 -C 10 ) and branched (iC 4 -iC 6 ) monocarboxylic acids as well as aromatic (benzoic) and hydroxy (glycolic and lactic) acids, together with major inorganic ions and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The molecular distributions of organic acids were characterized by a predominance of acetic (range 7.8-76.4 ng/g-snow, av. 34.8 ng/g) or formic acid (2.6-48.1 ng/g, 27.7 ng/g), followed by propionic acid (0.6-5.2 ng/g, 2.8 ng/g). were found to account for 1-6% of DOC (270-1500 ng/g, 630 ng/g) in the snow samples.

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Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Possible Sources Of Low Molecular Weight Monocarboxylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low molecular weight (C1–C10) monocarboxylic acids, dissolved organic carbon and major inorganic ions in alpine snow pit sequence from a high mountain site, central Japan

Kawamura

Matsumoto

Tachibana

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…(Tsai et al, 2013) or it may be emitted from vegetation and soil as reported by Wang et al (2007). Formic and acetic acids are of local origin since there is lack of long range transport of acetic acid and formic acid (Raja et al, 2008). The formate and acetate ratio in all the studied fog and dew samples were less than 1 indicating that vehicular emissions being dominant source.…”

Section: Neutralization Factor (Nf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than inorganic soluble ions, formate and acetate ions have also been reported in atmospheric condensate, rainfall or other form of precipitation like fog and dew (Willey and Wilson, 1993;Khwaja, 1995;Khare et al, 2000;Herckes et al, 2013). Formate concentrations are found to be more than acetate in dew water due to more solubility of formate at lower pH in comparison to acetate (Khare et al, 2000;Raja et al, 2008). However, there is a lack of information about tartrate and citrate ions in fog and dew, which could be linked to their limited concentration (in ng m -3 ) in atmospheric aerosols (Rohrl and Lammel, 2002;Tsai et al, 2013) or otherwise not attempted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Fog and Dew Water Chemistry at New Delhi, India

Nath

Yadav

2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Fog and dew, formed via different formation mechanisms, are suitable to study the liquid-gas-solid phase chemical interactions in the ambient atmosphere. A total of 24 fog and 19 dew samples were collected using Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector 2 and dew condensers, respectively, over New Delhi during winter months of 2014-15 and were characterised for pH and soluble inorganic ion using ion chromatograph. Dew samples were alkaline (pH = 6.26 ± 0.37) in comparison to natural rainwater pH of 5.6 and fog collected at rooftop (pH = 5.38 ± 1.3) and at ground level (pH = 5.96 ± 0.3). The volume weighted mean equivalents of cations followed the order NH ) and dew (Ca 2+ > NH 4 + > Mg 2+ ). The differences in the fog and dew composition are primarily linked to their formation processes.The agricultural fields and fossil fuel combustion were sources for ammonium, sulphates, nitrate and nitrite whereas locally resuspended crustal materials added calcium and magnesium carbonates. Vehicular and plant emissions, biomass burning and the oxidation of volatile organic compounds seems to be responsible for higher organic acids in dew and fog.

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“…Based on modeling results presented by Raja et al (2008), the expected 50 % size cuts for stage one, two and three were approximately 22, 16 and 4 µm, respectively. The term 50 % size cut corresponds to the droplet size at which droplets are collected with a 50 % efficiency; larger droplets are collected with a higher and smaller droplets with a smaller efficiency.…”

Section: Collection Of Cloud Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable water isotopologue ratios in fog and cloud droplets of liquid clouds are not size-dependent

et al. 2012

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Abstract. In this work, we present the first observations of stable water isotopologue ratios in cloud droplets of different sizes collected simultaneously. We address the question whether the isotope ratio of droplets in a liquid cloud varies as a function of droplet size. Samples were collected from a ground intercepted cloud (= fog) during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector (CASCC). An instrument test revealed that no artificial isotopic fractionation occurs during sample collection with the CASCC. Furthermore, we could experimentally confirm the hypothesis that the δ values of cloud droplets of the relevant droplet sizes (µm-range) were not significantly different and thus can be assumed to be in isotopic equilibrium immediately with the surrounding water vapor. However, during the dissolution period of the cloud, when the supersaturation inside the cloud decreased and the cloud began to clear, differences in isotope ratios of the different droplet sizes tended to be larger. This is likely to result from the cloud's heterogeneity, implying that larger and smaller cloud droplets have been collected at different moments in time, delivering isotope ratios from different collection times.

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Fog chemistry in the Texas–Louisiana Gulf Coast corridor

Cited by 96 publications

References 50 publications

Low molecular weight (C1–C10) monocarboxylic acids, dissolved organic carbon and major inorganic ions in alpine snow pit sequence from a high mountain site, central Japan

Low molecular weight (C1–C10) monocarboxylic acids, dissolved organic carbon and major inorganic ions in alpine snow pit sequence from a high mountain site, central Japan

A Comparative Study on Fog and Dew Water Chemistry at New Delhi, India

Stable water isotopologue ratios in fog and cloud droplets of liquid clouds are not size-dependent

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