Foetal serum but not urinary β2-microglobulin correlates with histological injury to the kidney

<p>A Retrospective Analysis: A Novel Index Predicts Survival and Risk-Stratification for Bone Destruction in 419 Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myelomas</p>

“…Importantly, this study found the effect of independent prognostic factor β2-MG on early mortality and high risk for bone destruction patients, which supports the result of β2-MG considered as a standard measure of the tumor burden 32. Fetal serum β2-MG correlates with kidney injury 43. In MM, the level of serum β2-MG is considered essential for ISS stage and clinical management 44.…”

Comparison of biochemical analysis of fetal serum and fetal urine in the prediction of postnatal renal outcome in lower urinary tract obstruction

“…The prognostic value of biochemistry in fetal serum has been less studied, and there are very few data to help in choosing between serum and urine for prediction of renal function in LUTO. Although Luton et al compared β2‐microglobulin in serum and urine, sampling of both was not performed in the same fetuses, and only renal histology was studied as outcome.…”

Definition, diagnosis and management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: consensus of the ERKNet CAKUT-Obstructive Uropathy Work Group

“…In particular, fetal serum β 2 m levels measured late in gestation (week 32) displayed high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (86%) in predicting postnatal kidney function 43 . Fetal urine β 2 m levels showed correlation with a decreased number of glomeruli in fetuses with obstructive uropathy 44 . However, variable β 2 m cut-off values were used in these studies, and a large-scale validation study exploring the optimal β 2 m cut-off for both fetal blood and urine values is needed.…”

“…However, none of these biomarkers is able to reliably predict postnatal kidney function 40 . A particular effort has been invested in measuring fetal urine and blood levels of β 2 m, a protein that, unlike creatinine, does not cross the placenta and is not cleared by the mother 41 , theoretically providing a good marker of fetal kidney function; results from studies investigating β 2 m levels in fetal serum showed good sensitivity (80-100%) and specificity (66-99%) of β 2 m in predicting postnatal kidney function [42][43][44][45] . In particular, fetal serum β 2 m levels measured late in gestation (week 32) displayed high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (86%) in predicting postnatal kidney function 43 .…”