Objectives
To understand the sequelae of COVID‐19.
Methods
We followed up 1174 patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)who were recovered and discharged for 6 months.
Results
There were 175 cases with clear IgG results 6 months after discharge, of which 82 (46.9%) were IgG (+) and 16 (9.1%) were IgG (dim+). Four hundred and forty‐one participants (55.4%) had some kind of sequelae. The most common symptoms were fatigue (25.3%), sleep disorder (23.2%) and shortness of breath (20.4%). In those who had sequelae, 262 (59.4%) had more than one symptom. Critical cases were more likely to have cough (20.5% vs 11.6%,
p
= 0.023) and hypomnesis (15.1% vs 8.0%,
p
= 0.041) than severe cases. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women are more likely to have multiple symptoms (
p
= 0.002), fatigue (
p
= 0.009) and sleep disorder (
p
= 0.008), whereas critical illness was found as independent risk factor for hypomnesis (
p
= 0.045).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the duration of antibody and sequelae of COVID‐19 and compared the differences amongst different populations.
Yes-associated protein (YaP) acts as a transcriptional co-activator in gene expression and cell proliferation control by binding to the transcriptional factor Tea domain (Tead) of the Hippo signaling pathway in the nucleus, and also acts as a regulator by binding to another transcriptional co-activator, β-catenin of the Wnt signaling pathway. Whether YaP preferentially acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of the activity of the Hippo signaling pathway or as a regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway depends on the cell type. nuclear YaP upregulates the expression of β-catenin, while cytoplasmic YaP has a negative effect on this expression. The present mini-review focused on the important roles of YaP and further discussed the cross-links between the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways. The Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways are both related to the development of fibrosis or cancer. The current review discussed treatment approaches for these conditions based on the two pathways. YaP, the intersection of these two signaling pathways, has the potential to be developed as a novel treatment target, according to previous basic studies on fibroblasts and cancer cells.
Contents1. introduction 2. YaP complex in the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathway 3. YaP serves a key role in controlling organ size 4. YaP is a transcriptional co-activator or a regulator depending on the cell type 5. YAP has both negative and positive influences on the Wnt signaling pathway 6. inspiration of new routes for future treatment 7. conclusion
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, and responds badly to existing treatment. Thus, it is of urgent need to identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of DLBCL. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of cancer. By using the next generation HiSeq sequencing assay, we determined lncRNAs exhibiting differential expression between DLBCL patients and healthy controls. Then, RT-qPCR was performed for identification in clinical samples and cell materials, and lncRNA PANDA was verified to be down-regulated in DLBCL patients and have considerable diagnostic potential. In addition, decreased serum PANDA level was correlated to poorer clinical outcome and lower overall survival in DLBCL patients. Subsequently, we determined the experimental role of lncRNA PANDA in DLBCL progression. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that lncRNA PANDA was induced by p53 and p53 interacts with the promoter region of PANDA. Cell functional assay further indicated that PANDA functioned as a tumor suppressor gene through the suppression of cell growth by a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in DLBCL. More importantly, Cignal Signal Transduction Reporter Array and western blot assay showed that lncRNA PANDA inactivated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our integrated approach demonstrates that PANDA in DLBCL confers a tumor suppressive function through inhibiting cell proliferation and silencing MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, PANDA may be a promising therapeutic target for patients with DLBCL.
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