Foetal and postnatal growth and bone mass at 6 months: the Generation R Study

Ay, Lamise; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Hofman, Albert; Moll, Henriëtte A.; Raat, Hein; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Hokken-Koelega, Anita C S

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03918.x

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…The association of birth weight with bone mineral density and content at different ages is conflicting; some studies have shown positive associations between birth weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-pubertal individuals [14,15]. Similarly, positive associations have been observed between birth weight and bone mineral content (BMC) in young adults, postmenopausal women and elderly [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures

et al. 2017

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The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence. The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures.Purpose: The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content later in life is unclear, especially in adolescence. This study evaluated the impact of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content among adolescents.Methods: We included 961 participants from the population-based Fit Future study (2010)(2011). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and total body (TB). BMD and BMC measures were linked with birth weight and length ascertained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Linear regression models were used to investigate the influence of birth parameters on BMD and BMC. Corresponding analyses using birth length as exposure gave significantly positive associations with BMC at all sites in both sexes. The significant positive association between birth weight 3 and BMC-TB in girls, and birth length and BMC-TB in boys remained after multivariable adjustment.Conclusions: We found a positive association between birth size and BMC in adolescence.However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for weight, height and physical activity during adolescence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures

et al. 2017

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“…In the second study, growth in FL and AC between the 11th and 19th weeks of pregnancy was positively associated with bone area and BMC at birth and 4 years of age 34. In the Generation R Study,35 second and third trimester EFW were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC in 6-month-olds; some associations were only present for either lumbar spine only or total body BMD and BMC. Change in EFW between 20 and 30 weeks, but not between 30 weeks and term, was also positively associated with BMD for total body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…One of the studies achieved a strong global rating,15 12 received a moderate rating (most failed to gain strong rating by not demonstrating how non-participation affected the population demographics) and the remainder were given a weak rating (most failed to gain moderate rating by not demonstrating whether/how confounders such as maternal smoking and socioeconomic status were considered), see online data supplementary table E2. Of the 6 studies which found no evidence of association between small fetal size and postnatal outcome, 4 were of poor quality study design23 26 35 and 2 of moderate quality 17 31. Among the 4 studies which found no association between changing fetal size and outcomes, 3 were of moderate quality design21 24 31 and the fourth of poor quality 32…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal ultrasound measurements and associations with postnatal outcomes in infancy and childhood: a systematic review of an emerging literature

Alkandari

Ellahi

Aucott

et al. 2014

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundSeveral hypotheses predict that faltering fetal growth is an antecedent for common non-communicable diseases. This is the first systematic review of an emerging literature linking antenatal fetal measurements to postnatal outcomes.MethodsElectronic databases (OVID, EMBASE and Google Scholar) and cohort study websites were searched in July 2014. Studies were selected which examined associations between antenatal fetal ultrasound measurements and postnatal outcomes. Neonatal outcomes, e.g. premature delivery, were not included.ResultsThere were 23 papers identified from cohorts in Western countries, including 11 from a single cohort. Four papers reported outcomes in children aged over 6 years. Small, but not large, for gestational age (SGA) was associated with adverse outcomes except for one study where individuals with the lightest or heaviest estimated fetal weight risk were at increased risk for autistic spectrum disorder. The magnitude of associations was modest, e.g. each z score reduction in fetal size was associated with 10–20% increased risk for delayed development or a 1 mm Hg increase in blood pressure. Both growth acceleration and deceleration were both associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionsThere is consistency for antenatal SGA and growth deceleration being associated with adverse outcomes determined in early childhood. Accelerating fetal growth was associated with both advantageous and disadvantageous outcomes, and this is consistent with the concept of predictive adaptive responses where exposure to a postnatal environment which was not anticipated predisposes the fetus to adverse health.

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“…Indeed, these findings have been supported by studies from birth cohorts elsewhere. In Generation R, a mother‐offspring cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands, fetal weight gain and catch‐up in weight were associated with BMD at the whole‐body site at 6 months . Furthermore, children remaining in the lowest tertile of weight from birth to 6 months had a much higher risk of having low BMD at the whole‐body site at 6 months of age.…”

Section: Growth and Skeletal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis: A Lifecourse Approach

Harvey

Dennison

Cooper

2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

125

104

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It is becoming increasingly apparent that the risk of developing osteoporosis is accrued throughout the entire lifecourse, even from as early as conception. Thus early growth is associated with bone mass at peak and in older age, and risk of hip fracture. Novel findings from mother-offspring cohorts have yielded greater understanding of relationships between patterns of intrauterine and postnatal growth in the context of later bone development. Study of biological samples from these populations has helped characterize potential mechanistic underpinnings, such as epigenetic processes. Global policy has recognized the importance of early growth and nutrition to the risk of developing adult chronic noncommunicable diseases such as osteoporosis; testing of pregnancy interventions aimed at optimizing offspring bone health is now underway. It is hoped that through such programs, novel public health strategies may be established with the ultimate goal of reducing the burden of osteoporotic fracture in older age.

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Foetal and postnatal growth and bone mass at 6 months: the Generation R Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures

The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures

Fetal ultrasound measurements and associations with postnatal outcomes in infancy and childhood: a systematic review of an emerging literature

Osteoporosis: A Lifecourse Approach

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