Foamy phase change materials based on linear low-density polyethylene and paraffin wax blends

Popelka, Anton; Sobolčiak, Patrik; Mrlík, Miroslav; Nógellová, Zuzana; Chodák, Ivan; Ouederni, Mabrouk; Al-Maadeed, Somaya; Krupa, Igor

doi:10.1007/s42247-018-0003-3

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The ductility of analyzed materials was also noticeably enhanced by the addition of paraffin, indicating the plasticizing effect on the PE matrix. Such an effect was also suggested by Popelka et al [ 91 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

et al. 2021

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The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

et al. 2021

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“…The values of tan delta are around 0.3 indicating the elastic behavior with low internal heat energy dissipation during mechanical cycling. Our group in the former article obtained similar results regarding the dynamic mechanical response of such foams [ 41 ]; however, in the absence of the graphite particles, those in this amount just significantly influence the PW leaching capabilities as was investigated deeper in this paper.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Foamed Phase Change Materials Based on Recycled Polyethylene/Paraffin Wax Blends

et al. 2021

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Foamed phase-change materials (FPCMs) were prepared using recycled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blended with 30 wt.% of paraffin wax (PW) and foamed by 1,1′-azobiscarbamide. The protection of pores’ collapse during foaming process was insured through chemical cross-linking by organic peroxide prior foaming. This work represents one of very few attempts for a preparation of polymeric phase change foams without a use of micro-encapsulated phase change component leading to the enhancement of the real PCM component (PW) within a final product. The porous structure of fabricated foams was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, and direct observation, and reconstruction of the internal structure was investigated. The porosity of FPCMs was about 85–87 vol.% and resulting thermal conductivity 0.054–0.086 W/m·K. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to determine the specific enthalpies of melting (22.4–25.1 J/g) what is the latent heat of materials utilized during a heat absorption. A stability of samples during 10 heating/cooling cycles was demonstrated. The phase change changes were also investigated using the dynamic mechanical analysis from 0° to 65 °C during the 10 cycles, and the mechanical stability of the system and phase-change transition were clearly confirmed, as proved by DSC. Leaching test revealed a long-term release of PW (around 7% of its original content) from samples which were long term stored at temperatures over PW melting point. This is the usual problem concerning polymer/wax blends. The most common, industrially feasible solution is a lamination of products, for instance by aluminum foils. Finally, the measurement of the heat flow simulating the real conditions shows that samples containing PW decrease the energy passing through the sample from 68.56 to 34.88 kJ·m−2. In this respect, FPCMs provide very effective double functionality, firstly common thermal insulators, and second, as the heat absorbers acting through melting of the PW and absorbing the excessive thermal energy during melting. This improves the heat protection of buildings and reduces temperature fluctuations within indoor spaces.

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“…Flexibility, being the fundamental criteria, in polymeric materials is usually a preferred choice. Although polymers are mostly known for their use in electrical and thermal insulation [5,6] industry, they have a too strong footstep in electronic industry where they are used as conducting materials [7,8]. For example, conducting form of polymers is very useful in helping dissipate and shield off electrostatic charge from rubber and plastic parts of any electronic instrument and their protection from the effects of electromagnetic waves [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in blends preparation based on electrically conducting polymer

Bhadra

Al‐Thani

2019

emergent mater.

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This work presents an extensively detailed study on preparation and performance of four different hydrochloric acid-doped polyaniline (PANI) blends. The blends are obtained by changing four different polymers, viz. polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and sodium alginate (SA) keeping PANI concentration constant. Finally, the blend films deposited on substrates are used to characterize the surface, structural morphology, chemical interaction (SEM and FTIR), thermal properties (TGA and DSC), and mechanical properties by tensile testing. The morphological analysis shows uniform chemical blending of PANI with all three insulating matrices except in PVC matrix. FTIR and TGA results also suffice the fact that PANI particle has a chemical interaction with polymer backbones. Electrical conductivity study of PANI blend reveals that PANI-PVA forms the highest conducting blend with the conductivity of order of 10 −2 S/cm and PANI-PVC has the lowest at 10 −13 S/cm.

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Foamy phase change materials based on linear low-density polyethylene and paraffin wax blends

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Foamed Phase Change Materials Based on Recycled Polyethylene/Paraffin Wax Blends

Advances in blends preparation based on electrically conducting polymer

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