Foam fractionation for enhancing silica gel adsorption of urokinase from human urine

Abstract

In this work, foam fractionation (FF), a cost-effective method, was used to enhance the silica gel adsorption (SGA) of urokinase from human urine. The analysis of how FF enhanced the adsorption/desorption of urokinase onto silica gel was conducted. The results show that FF increased both the adsorption rate of urokinase onto silica gel and the activity concentration of urokinase adsorbed at silica gel by pre-enriching urokinase from urine. It also reduced the activity loss of urokinase in the desorption process. Then, a coupled technology of FF and SGA was developed. The effects of pH, superficial air flow rate, beta-cyclodextrin concentration, and amount of silica gel added on activity recovery yield and purification fold of urokinase were studied. At pH 7.5, superficial air flow rate 1.70 mm/s, beta-cyclodextrin concentration 0.2 g/L, and amount of silica gel added 0.9%, the activity recovery and purification fold of urokinase reached 89.5% and 56.8 in the coupled technology, which were 25.3% and 79.2% higher than those obtained by SGA alone, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of silica gel added in the coupled technology was 40.0% lower than that in SGA alone. Therefore, FF effectively enhanced the SGA of urokinase from human urine.

Production and market comparison of urokinase and streptokinase as effective and cheap fibrinolytic agents for treatment of cardiovascular diseases

“…In a study, as an example, 27% ± 8% of thrombus was dissolved by streptokinase, while 64% ± 9% of an equivalent thrombus sample was dissolved by urokinase within the same time frame of 60 minutes (Ouriel, 2002). A recent study falls in agreement, stating that streptokinase partially consumes plasminogen (and plasmin) while forming the activator complex, whereas urokinase converts all of the plasminogen to plasmin, making it more efficient (Xu et al, 2019). Furthermore, for the local thrombolytic therapy, improved efficacy of lysis and a decreased percentage of systemic fibrinolytic effect and bleeding problems make urokinase preferable over streptokinase again (Tan et al, 2017).…”

“…According to a study (Dubey et al, 2011), a five to six-fold increase in purity was observed by first performing column chromatography and then column electrophoresis in sucrose density gradients. In a likewise study, Xu et al, (2019) obtained a final specific activity of 100,000 units of streptokinase per mg of protein by coupling ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography.…”

“…The development of new methods however, does produce enhanced recovery at reasonable cost. Xu et al, (2019) coupled processes involving foam fractionation and silica gel adsorption which increased urokinase activity and purification yield by 25.3% and 79.2%, respectively, and rendered it cost-effective.…”

Novel foam separation column with hollow octagonal prismoids with sieve tray for purification of recombinant β-glucosidase

“…The performance of foam separation was evaluated by protein recovery (R p ) [9], the protein enrichment ratio (E p ) [14], enzyme recovery (R e ) [32], Enzyme activity enrichment ratio (E e ) [12] and puri cation ratio (P f ) [32], which are calculated as following formula:…”

“…The two most critical factors for foam separation e ciency are surface adsorption and foam drainage [10]. The enhanced foam drainage is recognized as an effective way to improve the enrichment ratio [11,12]. By adjusting the system properties of the solution (such as temperature, pH, etc.…”