FMR Measurements of Magnetic Nanostructures

Sharma, Manish; Pathak, Sachin; Sharma, Monika

doi:10.5772/56615

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…for this coupling, and the resulting resonant absorption, to occur. As reported in [112], the resonance frequency of the ferrite is largely dependent on the strength of the applied magnetic field. As a result, the resonance frequency, which determines the absorption frequency of the ferrite-based metasurface, can be tuned by adjusting the applied magnetic field.…”

Section: B Intelligent Metasurface Reflector (Imr): From the Physics ...mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In this figure, adjusting the applied magnetic bias enables the realization of a magnetically tunable metasurface perfect absorber based on ferromagnetic resonance. Ferromagnetic resonance refers to the coupling between an electromagnetic wave and the magnetization of the medium through which it passes [112]. This coupling induces a significant loss of power (in the form of energy absorption and heat dissipation) of the incident electromagnetic wave.…”

Section: B Intelligent Metasurface Reflector (Imr): From the Physics ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial

Aboagye¹,

Ndjiongue²,

Ngatched³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Recent intensive and extensive development of the fifth-generation (5G) of cellular networks has led to their deployment throughout much of the world. As part of this implementation, one of the challenges that must be addressed is the skip-zone problem, which occurs when objects such as trees, people, animals, and vehicles obstruct the transmission of signals.In free-space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) systems, dead zones are most often caused by buildings and trees, while in visible light communications (VLC), obstructions are caused by individuals moving around a room or objects placed in the room. A signal obstruction can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in RF and indoor VLC systems, whereas in FSO systems, where the transmitted signals are directional, the obstruction can completely disrupt data transmission. Therefore, the skipzone dilemma must be resolved to ensure the smooth and efficient operation of 5G and beyond networks. By placing a relay between a transmitter and a receiver, the effects of obstacles can be mitigated. As a result, the signal from the transmitter will reach the receiver. In recent years, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that are more efficient than relays have become widely accepted as a method of mitigating skip-zones and providing reconfigurable radio environments. However, there have been limited studies on RISs for optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. Through the RIS technology, OWC and RF communication channels can be reconfigured. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial on indoor VLC systems utilizing RIS technology. The article discusses the basics of VLC and RISs and reintroduces RISs for OWC systems, focusing on RIS-assisted indoor VLC systems. We also provide a comprehensive overview of optical RISs and examine the differences between optical RISs, RF-RISs, and optical relays. Furthermore, we discuss in detail how RISs can be used to overcome line-of-sight blockages and the device orientation issue in VLC systems while revealing key challenges such as RIS element orientation design, RIS elements to access point/user assignment design, and RIS array positioning design problems that need to be studied. Moreover, we discuss and propose several research problems on integrating optical RISs with other emerging technologies, including non-orthogonal multiple access, multiple-input multiple-output systems, physical layer security, and simultaneous lightwave and power transfer in VLC systems. Finally, we highlight other important research directions that can further improve the performance of RISassisted VLC systems.

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Section: B Intelligent Metasurface Reflector (Imr): From the Physics ...mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: B Intelligent Metasurface Reflector (Imr): From the Physics ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial

Aboagye¹,

Ndjiongue²,

Ngatched³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…FMR measurements of magnetic nano- and microwires have been used to study magnetization dynamics for both fundamental and applied research. − However, FMR has merely been used as a measurement technique to date. Recently, Zhou et al introduced FMR readout of MNWs as biolabels using the broadband FMR technique (also called the vector network analyzer (VNA)-FMR technique) based on coplanar waveguides (CPWs) with a focus on a fitting algorithm for detecting multiple MNW types using a mathematical model .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zhou et al introduced FMR readout of MNWs as biolabels using the broadband FMR technique (also called the vector network analyzer (VNA)-FMR technique) based on coplanar waveguides (CPWs) with a focus on a fitting algorithm for detecting multiple MNW types using a mathematical model . For FMR measurements, generally microwave circuit structures such as waveguide cavities, microstrips, and CPWs are used to provide an ac magnetic field induced from the microwave signal. ,,,, CPWs enable FMR measurements with a broad frequency range and easily accommodate rapid and multiple measurements of unknown samples compared to waveguide cavities, and CPWs produce a stronger ac magnetic field at the sample location which is more suitable for nanowire characterization than microstrips . Here, FMR is utilized as the identification signature, and an FMR identification (FMR-ID) system is optimized using the broadband FMR technique together with carefully engineered magnetic properties of the MNWs themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Nanowire Biolabels Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Identification

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Nanomaterials have attracted attention from a variety of fields. For example, magnetic nanowires (MNWs) can be used to identify and/or distinguish objects using their magnetic signatures: first-order reversal curves, hysteresis curves, angle-dependent coercivity, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Among these, FMR is the fastest measurement, and it shows the potential to identify many high-frequency signatures simultaneously. In this work, iron, cobalt, and nickel MNW samples are fabricated by template-assisted pulsed electrodeposition and are measured individually and in combination using an FMR-identification (FMR-ID) labeling system. The FMR-ID system is then optimized using the FMR measurement results, the original and revised Kittel equations, and the magnetic properties of the MNWs. The most efficient FMR-ID systems will use DC bias fields (0–15 kOe) that are parallel to the nanowires and microwave frequencies of 20 GHz or above. These MNW-based FMR-ID labeling systems will be effective wherever small identification markers are needed.

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“…Several setups have been developed to measure FMR in nanowires and nanowire arrays. The reader interested to push further his knowledge in the area is referenced to the following book chapter [73].…”

Section: Anisotropy Probingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Characterize Cylindrical Magnetic Nanowires

Béron¹,

Santos²,

deCarvalho³

et al. 2016

Magnetic Materials

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Cylindrical magnetic nanowires made through the help of nanoporous alumina templates are being fabricated and characterized since the beginning of 2000. They are still actively investigated nowadays, mainly due to their various promising applications, ranging from high-density magnetic recording to high-frequency devices, passing by sensors, and biomedical applications. They also represent suitable systems in order to study the dimensionality effects on a given material. With time, the development in fabrication techniques allowed to increase the obtained nanowire complexity (controlled crystallinity, modulated composition and/or geometry, range of materials, etc.), while the improvements in nanomanipulation permitted to fabricate system based either on arrays or on single nanowires. On the other side, their increased complexity requires specific physical characterization methods, due to their particular features such as high anisotropy, small magnetic volume, dipolar interaction field between them, and interesting electronic properties. The aim of this chapter was to offer an ample overview of the magnetic, electric, and physical characterization techniques that are suitable for cylindrical magnetic nanowire investigation, of what is the specific care that one needs to take into account and which information will be extracted, with typical and varied examples.

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FMR Measurements of Magnetic Nanostructures

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial

RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial

Magnetic Nanowire Biolabels Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Identification

How to Characterize Cylindrical Magnetic Nanowires

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