Fly ash from a Mexican mineral coal I: Mineralogical and chemical characterization

Medina, Adriana; Gamero, Prócoro; Querol, Xavier; Moreno, Natàlia; León, Beatriz De; Almanza, Manuel; Vargas‐Gutiérrez, G.; Izquierdo, María; Font, Oriol

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.096

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The leachable concentrations range over several orders of magnitude as a function of the mode of Ca occurrence and concentration in the fly ash, the proportion of each phase and the leaching test performed. With only water, the amounts of Ca leached could easily fall in the 100-15000 mg/kg range (Iwashita et al, 2005;Izquierdo et al, 2011;Medina et al, 2010;Moreno et al, 2005). The water extractable proportions measured for a large set of data are in the 7-14% range (Moreno et al, 2005;Nugteren, 2010;Ward et al, 2003),…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fly ash is, however, depleted in Cd in comparison with other trace elements (except Hg), and this environmentally sensitive element is consistently immobile in near neutral and alkaline conditions. Despite its association with the surface of fly ash particles, the concentrations leached in water rarely surpass 0.01 mg/kg in alkaline natured fly ash (Fruchter et al, 1990;Medina et al, 2010;Moreno et al, 2005;Nathan et al, 1999) while values for acidic fly ash from Australia equate to 0.1 mg/kg at pH4 (Jankowski et al, 2004;Ward et al, 2009). Figure 1 provides an insight into the response of Cd to the pH.…”

Section: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Izquierdo

Querol

2012

International Journal of Coal Geology

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625

379

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Coal-based power generation produces over 750 Mt of coal ash per year globally, but under 50% of world production is utilised. Large amounts of fly ash are either stored temporarily in stockpiles, disposed of in ash landfills or lagooned. Coal ash is viewed as a major potential source of release of many environmentally sensitive elements to the environment. This paper encompasses over 90 publications on coal fly ash and demonstrates that a large number of elements are tightly bound to fly ash and may not be easily released to the environment, regardless of the nature of the ash. This review provides an extensive look at the extent to which major and trace elements are leached from coal fly ash. It also gives an insight into the factors underlying the leachability of elements and addresses the causes of the mobility. The mode of occurrence of a given element in the parent coal was found to play an important role in the leaching behaviour of fly ash. The amount of calcium in fly ash exerts a dominant influence on the pH of the ash-water system. The mobility of most elements contained in ash is markedly pH sensitive. The alkalinity of fly ash attenuates the release of a large number of elements of concern such as Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn or Zn among others, but at the same time, it enhances the release of oxyanionic species such as As, B, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se, V and W. The precipitation of secondary phases such as ettringite may capture and bind several pollutants such ash As, B, Cr, Sb, Se and V.

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Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Izquierdo

Querol

2012

International Journal of Coal Geology

Self Cite

625

379

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“…3 Several toxic elements present in this residue are easily leached into the environment, potentially contaminating the soil as well as surface and groundwater in disposal areas. 4,5 Reviews conducted by Ahmaruzzaman 1 and Moreno et al 6 highlight the different uses of coal fly ash (CFA), primarily in the concrete and cement manufacturing industries, as well as ceramic applications, additives for the immobilization of industrial wastes and of water treatment wastes, land stabilization in mining areas, sorbents for flue gas desulfurization, filter material in the construction of roads, embankments and structural fill among other applications. In Brazil, potential uses for CFA are little explored, with the exception of applications in the pozzolanic cement, paving and bricks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major problem associated with the use of CFA for zeolite synthesis is the presence of a large amount of potentially toxic coal-derived compounds. 4,43,44 In hydrothermal zeolite synthesis, the reagent used to extraction of Si and Al may not be selective for these elements alone and ultimately carries additional undesirable elements into the obtained product. Once incorporated into the zeolites, these elements can eventually mobilize into the environment during the useful life of these materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Synthesis of Zeolites Using Coal Fly Ash: Element Distribution in the Products, Washing Waters and Effluent

Ferrarini¹,

Cardoso²,

Paprocki³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Coal fly ash has been proposed as an alternative raw material for zeolite synthesis, however, the mobilization of toxic elements of this material into zeolite products, washing water and effluent is rarely addressed. In this study, Brazilian coal fly ash was used in the integrated synthesis (two steps) of zeolites Na-P1 and 4A and the distribution of approximately 40 major, minor and trace elements was investigated in all the input and output flows involved in the process. The mobilization of several elements was observed in the zeolite products, a number of which are highly toxic, such as As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. With regard to the amount present in the ash, both zeolites were enriched in several elements, such as Ni in zeolite Na-P1 and As in zeolite 4A. The latter exhibited high purity, with most of the elements investigated having concentrations close to those measured in commercial zeolite 4A. Important information was gathered regarding zeolite synthesis using fly ash, which will ensure safer application of these materials and, if necessary, propose a contaminant-free synthesis route.

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“…In the experiment, the material used was coal, which is considered a typical mineral (Medina et al, 2010;Yao and Sun, 2012). Samples which were selected for testing are three typical coals (humidity content of 3.2%) which were shipped across China (Table 1).…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling particulate matter emissions during mineral loading process under weak wind simulation

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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► There are limitations in applying the empirical models to predict PM emission factors for mineral loading under weak winds. ► We modeled particulate matter emission factor of mineral loading processes under weak winds. ► A new approach of logistical function was developed and tested. ► New model focused on the effect of wind velocity. ► The new model works well for simulating stacker mineral loading processes. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The quantification of particulate matter emissions from mineral handling is an important problem for the quantification of global emissions on industrial sites. Mineral particulate matter emissions could adversely impact environmental quality in mining regions, transport regions, and even on a global scale. Mineral loading is an important process contributing to mineral particulate matter emissions, especially under weak wind conditions. Mathematical models are effective ways to evaluate particulate matter emissions during the mineral loading process. The currently used empirical models based on the form of a power function do not predict particulate matter emissions accurately under weak wind conditions. At low particulate matter emissions, the models overestimated, and at high particulate matter emissions, the models underestimated emission factors. We conducted wind tunnel experiments to evaluate the particulate matter emission factors for the mineral loading process. A new approach based on the mathematical form of a logistical function was developed and tested. It provided a realistic depiction of the particulate matter emissions during the mineral loading process, accounting for fractions of fine mineral particles, dropping height, and wind velocity.

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Fly ash from a Mexican mineral coal I: Mineralogical and chemical characterization

Cited by 87 publications

References 40 publications

Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Integrated Synthesis of Zeolites Using Coal Fly Ash: Element Distribution in the Products, Washing Waters and Effluent

Modeling particulate matter emissions during mineral loading process under weak wind simulation

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