Flurbiprofen: A Nonselective Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor for Treatment of Noninfectious, Non-necrotizing Anterior Scleritis

Agrawal, Rupesh; Lee, Cecilia S.; González‐López, J.J.; Khan, Sharmina; Rodrigues, Valéria de Melo; Pavésio, Carlos

doi:10.3109/09273948.2015.1032308

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…They also recommended NSAIDs, specifically indomethacin, as a first-line agent, but cautioned that patients with posterior scleritis or necrotizing scleritis may require systemic corticosteroids. Agrawal et al 26 demonstrated the efficacy of flurbiprofen; however, the authors reported that it was much less effective in patients with systemic autoimmune disease. While patients with posterior scleritis are usually treated with corticosteroids, one small series demonstrated the efficacy of indomethacin in posterior scleritis.…”

Section: Nsaids and Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of noninfectious scleritis

et al. 2022

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Scleritis is a manifestation of inflammatory eye disease that involves the sclera. It can be divided into multiple subtypes, including diffuse anterior, nodular anterior, necrotizing, and posterior scleritis. In many cases, scleritis is restricted to the eye; however, it can occur in the context of systemic illness, particularly autoimmune and infectious conditions. Patients with autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and polyangiitis with granulomatosis, may develop scleritis flares that may require topical and systemic therapy. Initial therapy typically involves oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, it is important to address the underlying condition, particularly if systemic. Other treatment regimens typically involve either local or systemic steroids or the use of immunomodulatory agents, which have a wide range of efficacy and documented use in the literature. There is a myriad of immunomodulatory agents used in the treatment of scleritis including antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, biologics, and alkylating agents. In this review, we highlight the various subtypes of noninfectious scleritis and explore each of the mainstay agents used in the management of this entity. We explore the use of steroids and NSAIDs in detail and discuss evidence for various immunomodulatory agents.

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Section: Nsaids and Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of noninfectious scleritis

et al. 2022

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“…The first category is the selective COX-1 inhibitors such as ketorolac[ 2 ] and aspirin. [ 3 ] The second category includes nonselective COX inhibitors, such as flurbiprofen,[ 4 ] naproxen,[ 5 ] and indomethacin. [ 6 ] The third category is the selective COX-2 inhibitors such as meloxicam[ 7 ] and celecoxib.…”

Section: B Ackgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Malaysia: A bibliometric analysis

et al. 2020

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A BSTRACT Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common analgesics used for pain relief. Adverse effects of NSAIDs range from gastrointestinal tract disturbances to increased risk of bleeding, renal injury, and myocardial infarction. In Malaysia, the research productivity of NSAIDs is not well explored. Objective: This study examined research productivity of NSAIDs in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This bibliometric study included all published research articles on NSAIDs from 1979 to 2018, which were conducted in Malaysia. The search databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were used. Search terms included NSAIDs and specific drug names such as ibuprofen, celecoxib, and naproxen. Growth of publication, authorship pattern, citation analysis, journal index, type of studies, and geographical distribution of institutions publishing articles on NSAIDs were measured. Results: Overall, 111 articles were retrieved from 1979 to 2018. The annual productivity of articles throughout the study fluctuated in which the highest productivity was in 2018, 12.61% ( n = 14). Majority of articles were multiple authored, 99.10% ( n = 109), and University of Science Malaysia (USM) produced the highest number of articles (30 articles). Most of the articles were International Scientific Indexing-indexed, 52.25% ( n = 58), and the main issue studied in most of the articles was the drug formulation of NSAIDs. Conclusion: The growth of NSAID research in Malaysia was slow, and the majority of research involved laboratory studies. Clinical studies evaluating the clinical outcomes of NSAIDs in patients, particularly using large healthcare databases are still lacking.

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“…The clinical trials for scleral inflammation utilize the following grade scale after the application of 10% phenylephrine drops, 0 (no scleral inflammation with complete blanching of vessels), 0.5+ (minimal/trace inflammation with localized pink appearance of the without topical steroids [75][76]. Given that biopsies of severe necrotizing scleritis, have shown features of localized vasculitis, patients with severe scleritis are treated with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide.…”

Section: Clinical Trials Impacting Management Of Scleritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications of Recent Clinical Trials

Bhamra¹,

Gondal²,

Amarnani³

et al. 2019

Int J Clin Res Trials

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The variation in the reported rates of KCS can be attributed to factors such as: limited sample size, age of patients sampled, gender, subjective versus objective determination of DED. The association between RA and KCS is well established and contributes to morbidity [4][5][6]. Features and pathogenesisSymptoms of KCS include: burning, gritty sensation and dryness. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated a link between dry eye disease and depression and anxiety [7]. If left untreated, KCS may lead to a lidwiper epitheliopathy (analogous to that found in long-term contact lens wearer), keratitis, and possibly even opacification of the cornea [8]. In severe cases, one can see paracentral corneal melts which can cause permanent visual loss, and even perforation.Inflammation has been postulated as the underlying cause for KCS [9]. The pathogenesis of RA involves an inappropriate attack on the

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Flurbiprofen: A Nonselective Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor for Treatment of Noninfectious, Non-necrotizing Anterior Scleritis

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Management of noninfectious scleritis

Management of noninfectious scleritis

Research on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Malaysia: A bibliometric analysis

Ocular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications of Recent Clinical Trials

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