Fluorosis in rats exposed to oscillating chronic fluoride doses

Catani, Danilo Bonadia; Tenuta, Lívia Maria Andaló; Andaló, Fernanda A.; Cury, Jaime Aparecido

doi:10.1590/s0103-64402010000100005

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When examined as adults, (> PND90), rats in the 20 ppm F − dose group showed evidence of mild fluorosis (Supplementary Fig. S1 ) similar to that reported by Catani et al ( 2010 ) after 78 days of 25 ppm F − exposure.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats

et al. 2018

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At elevated levels, fluoride (F−) exposure has been associated with adverse human health effects. In rodents, F− exposure has been reported to induce deficits in motor performance and learning and memory. In this study, we examined Long-Evans hooded male rats maintained on a standard diet (20.5 ppm F−) or a low F− diet (3.24 ppm F−) with drinking water exposure to 0, 10, or 20 ppm F− from gestational day 6 through adulthood. At postnatal day 25, brain F− levels were 0.048 or 0.081 μg/g and femur 235 or 379.8 μg/g for 10 and 20 ppm F−, respectively. Levels increase with age and in adults, levels for plasma were 0.036 or 0.025 μg/ml; for the brain 0.266 or 0.850 μg/g; and for the femur, 681.2 or 993.4 μg/g. At these exposure levels, we observed no exposure-related differences in motor, sensory, or learning and memory performance on running wheel, open-field activity, light/dark place preference, elevated plus maze, pre-pulse startle inhibition, passive avoidance, hot-plate latency, Morris water maze acquisition, probe test, reversal learning, and Y-maze. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were not altered as a function of 10 or 20 ppm F− in the drinking water. No exposure-related pathology was observed in the heart, liver, kidney, testes, seminal vesicles, or epididymides. Mild inflammation in the prostate gland was observed at 20 ppm F−. No evidence of neuronal death or glial activation was observed in the hippocampus at 20 ppm F−.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12640-018-9870-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats

et al. 2018

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“…It should be noted that these high concentrations were observed separately and promptly corrected by the city after the monthly analysis results were provided, thus not representing, therefore, risk to the development of dental fluorosis by the population. Small oscillations were observed in one collection site along the study, but it is not an evident risk situation, considering that the discrepant results did not remain constantly (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Fluoride concentration in public water supply: 72 months of analysis

et al. 2012

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Known as one of the ten most important advances on Public Health in the 20th century, fluoridation of public water supply is a measure of wide population coverage, which is effective on caries control. The city of Araçatuba, in the Northwest region of the São Paulo state, Brazil, started public water supply fluoridation in 1972 and, based on the average annual highest temperature, has kept the fluoride concentration between 0.6 to 0.8 mgF/L. The purpose of this study was to analyze monthly the fluoride concentration in public water supply in the city of Araçatuba during 72 months. Water samples were collected monthly on weekdays, directly from the water distribution network, on pre-established locations and analyzed in duplicate between November 2004 and October 2010 at the Research Laboratory of the Nucleus for Public Health (NEPESCO) of the Public Health Graduate Program from Araçatuba Dental School/UNESP, Brazil, using an fluoride-specific electrode connected to an ion analyzer. From the total of samples (n=591), 67.2% (n=397) presented fluoride concentration between 0.6 and 0.8 mgF/L; 20.6% (n=122) below 0.6 mgF/L; 11.5% (n=68) between 0.8 and 1.2 mgF/L and 0.7% (n=4) above 1.2 mgF/L. Most samples showed fluoride levels within the recommended parameters. Minimal variation was observed among the analyzed collection locations, showing that the city has been able to control the fluoride levels in the public water supply and reinforcing the importance of surveillance and constant monitoring to assure the quality of the water delivered to the population.

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“…Most of these cities employed more than one water supply, promoting interconnection and mixing of water from different sources in the distribution system and making it difficult to maintain fluoride levels within the recommended range 12 . However, none of the deviations persisted for extended periods at any sampling site during the 7-year study, minimizing undesirable effects 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is essential that the addition of fluoride be maintained without large fluctuations, since reduced levels provide minimal health benefits while wasting public resources and excessive levels promote undesirable effects 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fluoridation in 40 Brazilian cities: 7 year analysis

Moimaz

Saliba

et al. 2013

J. Appl. Oral Sci.

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Objectives:Fluoride levels in the public water supplies of 40 Brazilian cities were analyzed and classified on the basis of risk/benefit balance.Material and Methods:Samples were collected monthly over a seven-year period from three sites for each water supply source. The samples were analyzed in duplicate in the laboratory of the Center for Research in Public Health - UNESP using an ion analyzer coupled to a fluoride-specific electrode.Results:A total of 19,533 samples were analyzed, of which 18,847 were artificially fluoridated and 686 were not artificially fluoridated. In samples from cities performing water fluoridation, 51.57% (n=9,720) had fluoride levels in the range of 0.55 to 0.84 mg F/L; 30.53% (n=5,754) were below 0.55 mg F/L and 17.90% (n=3,373) were above 0.84 mg F/L (maximum concentration=6.96 mg F/L). Most of the cities performing fluoridation that had a majority of samples with fluoride levels above the recommended parameter had deep wells and more than one source of water supply. There was some variability in the fluoride levels of samples from the same site and between collection sites in the same city.Conclusions:The majority of samples from cities performing fluoridation had fluoride levels within the range that provides the best combination of risks and benefits, minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis while preventing dental caries. The conduction of studies about water distribution systems is suggested in cities with high natural fluoride concentrations in order to optimize the use of natural fluoride for fluoridation costs and avoid the risk of dental fluorosis.

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Fluorosis in rats exposed to oscillating chronic fluoride doses

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats

An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats

Fluoride concentration in public water supply: 72 months of analysis

Water fluoridation in 40 Brazilian cities: 7 year analysis

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