Fluorographane (C 1 H x F 1−x−δ ) n : synthesis and properties

Self Cite

114

The chemistry of graphene and its derivatives is one of the hottest topics of current material science research. The derivatisation of graphene is based on various approaches, and to date functionalization with halogens, hydrogen, various functional groups containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, and several other elements have been reported. Most of these functionalizations are based on sp hybridization of carbon atoms in the graphene skeleton, which means the formation of out-of-plane covalent bonds. Several elements were also reported for substitutional modification of graphene, where the carbon atoms are substituted with atoms like nitrogen, boron, and several others. From tens of functional groups, for only two of them were reported full functionalization of graphene skeleton and formation of its stoichiometric counterparts, fluorographene and hydrogenated graphene. The functionalization of graphene is crucial for most of its applications including energy storage and conversion devices, electronic and optic applications, composites, and many others.

Section: Synthesis Of Graphene Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Graphene Derivatives: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives

Šturala

Luxa

Pumera

et al. 2018

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114

“…Several interesting properties, such as ferromagnetism, [7,8] tuneable band gaps, [9,10] reversible hydrogenation, [5,6] and fluorescence, [7] have been reported for graphene-based materials. [25] Other methods have been based on hydrogenation using complex hydrides, [26] in whichL iAlH 4 provedt ob eh ighly effective by yieldingt he highest degree of hydrogenation. Several hydrogenationp rocedures have been proposed for graphane preparation,i ncluding low-pressure H 2 plasma hydrogenation, [11,14] high-pressure hydrogenation, [15] and wet-chemistry Birch reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of Fluorographite and Fluorographene: An Easy Way to Produce Highly Hydrogenated Graphene

Bouša

Mazánek

Sedmidubský

et al. 2018

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Fluorographene is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of graphene derivatives. Relative to pure graphene, fluorographene possesses higher reactivity and, in comparison with graphene oxide, is also homogenous in composition, which enables the preparation of well-defined materials. Recently, it has been shown that several graphene derivatives can be synthesized from fluorographene, thus yielding various products such as graphene acid or alkylated graphene. This study focuses on the hydrogenation of fluorographene by using various hydrogenation reactions, including the use complex hydrides and solvated electrons in different media. In addition, a comparison of these reactions shows that fluorinated graphite has significantly lower reactivity than fluorographene. The conversion rates of these reactions are higher when fluorographene is used relative to fluorographite. These reactions can be used to tune the hydrogen/fluorine composition on a graphene backbone.

“…Unfortunately, most of the methods result in non‐stoichiometric products, (CX z ) n , in which z is significantly smaller than 1 and typically in 0.01< z <0.1 region,12 even though some exceptions exist, for example, (C 1 H z ) n and (C 1 F z ) n , in which z =0.7–1.0 13–15. Other examples include fluorographane with the formula (C 1 H x F 1− x ) n and thiofluorographene 16. 17 Thus, only a very limited number of works show a stoichiometric graphene derivative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroboration of Graphene Oxide: Towards Stoichiometric Graphol and Hydroxygraphane

Poh

Sofer

Šimek

et al. 2015

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Covalently functionalized graphene materials with well-defined stoichiometric composition are of a very high importance in the research of 2D carbon material family due to their well-defined properties. Unfortunately, most of the contemporary graphene-functionalized materials do not have this kind of defined composition and, usually, the amount of heteroatoms bonded to graphene framework is in the range of 1-10 at. %. Herein, we show that by a well-established hydroboration reaction chain, which introduces -BH2 groups into the graphene oxide structure, followed by H2O2 or CF3COOH treatment as source of -OH or -H, we can obtain highly hydroxylated compounds of precisely defined composition with a general formula (C1O0.78H0.75)n, which we named graphol and highly hydroxylated graphane (C1(OH)0.51H0.14)n, respectively. These highly functionalized materials with an accurately defined composition are highly important for the field of graphene derivatives. The enhanced electrochemical performance towards important biomarkers as well as hydrogen evolution reaction is demonstrated.