Fluorine—A current literature review. An NRC and ATSDR based review of safety standards for exposure to fluorine and fluorides

Prystupa, Jeff

doi:10.3109/15376516.2010.542931

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…It is therefore a weak base, and tends to remain as the fluoride ion rather than generating a substantial amount of hydrogen fluoride. That is, the following equilibrium favors the left-hand side in water: In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion, the most electronegative element in halogen family, resembles the hydroxide ion and occurs in ionic forms or combined with other chemicals in minerals like fluorspar, fluorapatite, and cryolite and other compounds (Prystupa, 2011). It forms inorganic and organic compounds called fluorides (Greenfacts, 2002).…”

Section: Fluoridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride in soil and plant

Hong¹,

Joo²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Korean Journal of Agricultural Science

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Fluorine is unique chemical element which occurs naturally, but is not an essential nutrient for plants. Fluoride toxicity can arise due to excessive fluoride intake from a variety of natural or manmade sources. Fluoride is phytotoxic to most plants. Plants which are sensitive for fluorine exposure even low concentrations of fluorine can cause leave damage and a decline in growth. All vegetation contains some fluoride absorbed from soil and water. The highest levels of F in field-grown vegetables are found up to 40 mg kg-1 fresh weight although fluoride is relatively immobile and is not easily leached in soil because most of the fluoride was not readily soluble or exchangeable. Also, high concentrations of fluoride primarily associated with the soil colloid or clay fraction can increase fluoride levels in soil solution, increasing uptake via the plant root. In soils more than 90 percent of the natural fluoride ranging from 20 to 1,000 g g-1 is insoluble, or tightly bound to soil particles. The excess accumulation of fluorides in vegetation leads to visible leaf injury, damage to fruits, changes in the yield. The amount of fluoride taken up by plants depending on the type of plant, the nature of the soil, and the amount and form of fluoride in the soil should be controlled. Conclusively, fluoride is possible and long-term pollution effects on plant growth through accumulation of the fluoride retained in the soil.

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Section: Fluoridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride in soil and plant

Hong¹,

Joo²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Korean Journal of Agricultural Science

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“…The effects and roles in living organisms of fluorine, a reactive element easily converted to fluoride, have been discussed [11,12]. To maintain the minimum level of this element (from 0.01 to 3 mg per day, depending on the organism), fluoridation of public water for prevention of dental caries and the addition of fluoride to dentifrices have been applied on a large scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The permeability coefficient of HF is similar to that of water in lipid bilayers. Once absorbed, fluoride is easily distributed and can be accumulated, particularly in calcium-rich areas, such as bones and teeth, and thus overexposure can lead to fluorosis [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the determination of halogens in bioanalytical sciences: a review

et al. 2013

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Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine have been studied in biological samples and other related matrices owing to the need to understand the biochemical effects in living organisms. In this review, the works published in last 20 years are covered, and the main topics related to sample preparation methods and analytical techniques commonly used for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in biological samples, food, drugs, and plants used as food or with medical applications are discussed. The commonest sample preparation methods, as extraction and decomposition using combustion and pyrohydrolysis, are reviewed, as well as spectrometric and electroanalytical techniques, spectrophotometry, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and separation systems using chromatography and electrophoresis. On this aspect, the main analytical challenges and drawbacks are highlighted. A discussion related to the availability of certified reference materials for evaluation of accuracy is also included, as well as a discussion of the official methods used as references for the determination of halogens in the samples covered in this review.

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“…Fluoride ion prevents glycolysis by inhibiting some enzymes causing an increase in blood sugar levels. Also, since diabetic patients consume more water than healthy people, fluoride accumulation and excretion through the kidneys leads to renal dysfunction [5][6][7]. Absorption of 1-3 mg fluoride per day helps to prevent tooth decay [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride levels in Soil and Crops of Tomato and Onion Farms of Zanjan

Moeinian

Mehrasbi

Hassanzadazar

et al. 2016

J. Hum. Environ. Health Promot.

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Journal homepage: www.zums.ac.ir/jhehp Background: Fluoride is an essential nutrient for the human body. The major routes of fluoride intake include food and drinking water, though the absorption of fluoride from food is much easier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride in the soil and tomato and onion crops on farms of Zanjan. Methods: Three farms of each crop (tomato and onion) were selected randomly. Each farm was divided into 10 sections, and one sample of soil and crop of each section was taken which means 120 samples in total. Fluoride concentrations in the soil and crops were measured using the Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) and repeated 3 times. Results: The mean concentration of fluoride in soil samples from studied farms in Zanjan was 0.83 ± 0.17 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of fluoride in tomatoes and onions of Zanjan were observed 2.10 ± 0.80 and 2.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between fluoride concentration in tomatoes and onions, although there was a significant difference between the amount of fluoride in the soils of studied farms (Pv < 0.024). No significant correlation was observed between the fluoride levels of soils and the fluoride levels of tomatoes (R 2 = 0.126) and onions (R 2 = 0.008).

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Fluorine—A current literature review. An NRC and ATSDR based review of safety standards for exposure to fluorine and fluorides

Cited by 40 publications

References 249 publications

Fluoride in soil and plant

Fluoride in soil and plant

Analytical methods for the determination of halogens in bioanalytical sciences: a review

Fluoride levels in Soil and Crops of Tomato and Onion Farms of Zanjan

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