Fluorinated halon replacement agents in explosion inerting

Gatsonides, J; Andrews, Gordon E.; Phylaktou, Herodotos N.; Chattaway, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2015.03.001

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The calculated laminar flame speeds of C 6 F 12 O and C 2 HF 5 are 0.367 cm/s and 1.56 cm/s at 400 K, respectively. Gatsonides et al 22 experimentally investigated the fuel-like characteristics of C 6 F 12 O and C 2 HF 5 . They found that the halon agents act similar to fuel in the lean-fuel condition and change the equivalence ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the chemical and physical effects of halogenated fire suppressants addition on methane–air mixtures

Ren

Jiang

2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Previous experimental and numerical studies have demonstrated the unwanted promotion effect caused by potential halon replacements added to hydrocarbon–air mixtures. To explore this abnormal phenomenon, the chemical and physical contributions of the addition of C6F12O (Novec 1230) and C2HF5 (HFC-125) on the laminar flame speeds of the CH4–air mixtures are numerically investigated. Numerical simulations are conducted using the CHEMKIN-PRO software with newly developed fluorinated compounds’ mechanisms. Based on the interaction between the chemical effect and the physical effect, the equivalence ratio zone is divided into synergistic zone and antagonistic zone. Furthermore, the fuel-like characteristics of C6F12O and C2HF5 are also studied. In the lean CH4–air condition, the agents contribute to increasing the equivalence ratio, thus increasing the flame speeds chemically but cooling the mixture physically. When the actual equivalence ratio of the agent–CH4–air mixture is larger than 1.10 (for the C2HF5 addition) or 1.20 (for the C6F12O addition), the agents create an over-rich fuel mixture, thus decreasing the flame speed chemically. The contribution of the chemical effect is studied under different initial temperature and pressure conditions. The results indicate that increasing the temperature slightly lowers the chemical contribution, whereas increasing the pressure largely increases the chemical contribution. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to interpret the large chemical component increase under high pressure conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the chemical and physical effects of halogenated fire suppressants addition on methane–air mixtures

Ren

Jiang

2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…The chemical 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone, also known as Novec 649, Novec 1230, and FK-5-1-12, is a fully fluorinated ketone that is under development for applications as a working fluid in organic Rankine cycles, as a working fluid in electronics cooling applications, , and as a replacement agent in fire suppression systems. − In the heat transfer community, it is typically known as Novec 649, while, in the fire suppression community, it is usually called Novec 1230 or FK-5-1-12. In this manuscript, for convenience, we will refer to this fluid as Novec 649.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone

2018

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New experimental data for the thermal conductivity of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone (Novec 649) are reported for vapor, liquid and supercritical states. These new experimental data were obtained with transient hot-wire apparatus over the temperature range from 183 K to 501 K and at pressures from 0.02 MPa to 69 MPa. These data were used to develop a wide-range correlation for the thermal conductivity of the vapor, liquid and supercritical fluid. The experimental data reported here have an uncertainty of 1 % for the liquid and supercritical regions (densities > 600 kg m−3), 1.5 % for vapor and supercritical regions (pressures ≥ 1 MPa and densities < 200 kg m−3), 3 % for supercritical states (200 kg m−3 ≤ densities ≤ 600 kg m−3), and 3 % for vapor and supercritical states (pressures < 1 MPa). The thermal-conductivity correlation developed in this work is estimated to have an expanded relative uncertainty, at a 95 % confidence level, ranging from approximately 1 % to 4 % that depends upon the temperature and pressure, with larger uncertainties in the critical region.

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“…Ingerson 13 investigated the fire extinguishing performance of three different Halon substitutes, including FK-5-1-12, on commercial aircraft nacelle fires, and an appropriate concentration of FK-5-1-12 was given, which was equivalent to the concentration of Halon 1301. Gatsonides 14 and Pagliaro 15 experimentally studied how FK-5-1-12 affects the suppression of propane combustion. Other studies [16][17][18][19] measured thermal properties of FK-5-1-12.…”

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Study on the flow characteristics of fire extinguishing agent FK‐5‐1‐12 in the pipeline release process

et al. 2021

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Studying the flow characteristics of FK-5-1-12 in the pipeline during the release process is important for appropriate hydraulic calculations and fire extinguishing efficiency evaluation. This work proposes a well-documented dataset of flow results to investigate the flow state and characteristics. Through comparing the evaporation properties of FK-5-1-12 and those of other typical extinguishers, the flow state of FK-5-1-12 was assumed to be a single-phase flow, and hydraulic calculations were carried out using single-phase fluid formulas. The calculated values were compared with experimental data. The release tests of water (pure single-phase flow), Halon1301 (two-phase flow), and FK-5-1-12 were carried out under the same piping system, and the flow characteristics of the three media were compared to further verify the piping flow state. The experimental results show that the release process of FK-5-1-12 in the cylinder has a single-phase flow similar to water, but differs in density and expansion performance. However, FK-5-1-12 only conformed to singlephase flow in the more upstream sections of the pipeline, but presented obvious two-phase flow state in the main pipe and the more downstream sections. When the vaporization is the most serious, the density of the mixture is only 1/26 of that of liquid FK-5-1-12.

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Fluorinated halon replacement agents in explosion inerting

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical investigation of the chemical and physical effects of halogenated fire suppressants addition on methane–air mixtures

Numerical investigation of the chemical and physical effects of halogenated fire suppressants addition on methane–air mixtures

Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone

Study on the flow characteristics of fire extinguishing agent FK‐5‐1‐12 in the pipeline release process

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