Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population

Evaluation of Low to Moderate Arsenic Exposure, Metabolism and Skin Lesions in a Turkish Rural Population

“…Although detailed mechanism has not yet been understood, previous experimental data indicate synergistic, antagonist and independent effects of F and As (Mondal and Chattopadhyay 2020). However, a recent epidemiological study by (Jimenez-Cordova et al 2019) suggested that high F exposure level (≥ 1.5 mg/L in water) is only signi cantly related to an increase in mono-methylated arsenic levels. In our case, F levels in all water samples were below WHO maximum permissible limit in drinking water; 1.5 mg/L.…”

Arsénico y flúor en agua subterránea de Chihuahua: su origen, enriquecimiento, y tratamientos posibles

“…En el caso de F, éste está presente primordialmente como ion libre, o fluoruro F -, y sólo en pH ácidos forma un ion complejo con el As (Figura 2b). Los límites recomendados y/o permisibles para estos elementos en agua potable se han determinado en base a estudios de toxicidad (Ahmad y Bhattacharya, 2019;Jiménez et al, 2019). Estos límites varían de acuerdo con cada país.…”

“…El valor límite para As en agua potable recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2018) y establecido como límite máximo permisible en muchos países es 0.010 mg L -1 . Estudios epidemiológicos confirman que la ingesta de agua con concentración mayor a 0.010 mg L -1 As causa efectos nocivos a la salud como lesiones en la piel, principalmente en las palmas de pies y manos, cáncer (pulmón, riñón, hígado), así como afectaciones a los sistemas nervioso, inmunológico y endocrino (Ahmad y Bhattacharya, 2019;Jiménez et al, 2019;Rehman et al, 2021). El arsénico se bioacumula en el ser humano, y puede ser detectado en muestras de cabello, uñas y orina (Monroy-Torres et al, 2009;González-Horta et al, 2015, Jiménez et al, 2019.…”

Co-occurrence, possible origin, and health-risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water sources in Mexico: Geographical data visualization

“…Arsenic and fluoride exposure worldwide Exposure to As in drinking water has been reported for decades in regions where As is a contaminant of concern. >300 million people in 105 countries are estimated to be chronically at risk from drinking water with As concentrations above the 10 μg/L WHO limit (Jiménez-Córdova et al, 2019;Limón-Pacheco et al, 2018;Shakoor et al, 2017). The highest exposures have been reported for India (West Bengal), Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Australia, Hungary, and Romania.…”

“…About 900,000 of those-mostly located in the states of San Luis Potosí, Durango, Zacatecas, Jalisco, Chihuahua, and Sonora-are exposed to even higher levels (4500 to 29,600 μg/L; (Alfaro de la Torre et al, 2018)). The magnitude of this problem is such that about 6.5 million children are believed to be exposed to concentrations of As or F high enough to cause health problems (Jiménez-Córdova et al, 2019;Limón-Pacheco et al, 2018).…”