Arsénico y flúor en agua subterránea de Chihuahua: su origen, enriquecimiento, y tratamientos posibles

Gutiérrez, Mélida; Valdés, María Socorro Espino; Herrera, María Teresa Alarcón; Munguía, Adán Pinales; Hidalgo, Humberto Silva

doi:10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i2.828

Cited by 3 publications

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“…El agua de estos acuíferos se reporta como ligeramente alcalina, con un pH promedio de 8.0 y un rango de valores de entre 6.5 y 9.3 (Reyes- Gómez et al, 2013). Bajo estas condiciones, los carbonatos se encuentran presentes como ion bicarbonato (HCO3 -), el As como ion arsenato HAsO4 2-y el F como ion libre F - (González-Horta et al, 2015;Gutiérrez et al, 2021a). El flujo superficial en algunas ocasiones se conecta en su travesía hacia el mar (cuencas exorreicas) y en otras ocasiones se concentra en un solo lugar en la parte baja del terreno, y donde el agua se infiltra o se evapora (Grünberger, 2005).…”

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“…En el caso particular de México, se han detectado el As y el F en gran parte de su extensión territorial (Alarcón-Herrera et al 2020;Ortiz-Letechipia et al, 2022;Sierra-Sánchez et al, 2022), especialmente en la región norte-centro (Reyes-Gómez et al, 2013;González-Horta et al, 2015;Navarro et al, 2017;Gutiérrez et al, 2021a). Asimismo, en las zonas agrícolas se reporta un incremento de contaminantes entre los cuales destacan nitratos (NO3-N) y salinidad, cuyo contenido se asocia a actividades antrópicas como aplicación de fertilizantes y estiércol, aguas residuales domésticas, y extracción de agua subterránea (Gutiérrez et al, 2021b;Mora et al, 2021).…”

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Impacto de factores de concentración en la calidad del agua subterránea en el norte-centro de México

2022

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Se analizaron datos de calidad de agua subterránea de los estados de Chihuahua, Coahuila y Durango (N=704) para determinar la distribución de tres contaminantes comúnmente presentes en el área, arsénico (As), fluoruro (F), y nitrato (NO3-N), y determinar el efecto de factores de enriquecimiento. Dichos factores incluyen evaporación, intemperismo de rocas, HCO3, y solidos disueltos totales (SDT). Se construyeron mapas de concentración y se obtuvieron correlaciones para contaminantes entre sí, así como entre los contaminantes y factores de enriquecimiento. Los resultados muestran que los procesos más importantes de enriquecimiento de As y F son el intemperismo de rocas y en segundo lugar la evaporación, y para NO3-N el uso de suelo (agricultura) y la evaporación. La correlación entre As y F fue moderada (ρ= 0.417, p< 0.001) y no se encontró correlación entre As o F con NO3-N, SDT ni HCO3, lo que sugiere que la variación de tanto SDT como HCO3 dentro del área de estudio son insuficientes para afectar en forma significativa el contenido de As ó F. Asimismo, no se encontró una diferencia significativa entre el contenido de As ó F entre cuencas cerradas o cuencas abiertas. En contraste, NO3-N se encontró fuertemente asociado con SDT y ambos SDT y NO3-N concentrados en cuencas cerradas. Consecuencias indirectas de este estudio incluyen la identificación de 23 pozos con concentraciones extremas de As-F y la comparación de coberturas de datos entre los tres estados bajo estudio.

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Impacto de factores de concentración en la calidad del agua subterránea en el norte-centro de México

2022

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Arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in northern Mexico: spatial distribution and enrichment factors

Gutiérrez

Herrera²,

Gaytán-Alarcón³

2022

Environ Monit Assess

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North-central Mexico has groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) and uoride (F). Based on the dispersion patterns of these solutes, their sources are linked to felsic volcanic rock fragments and secondary minerals (clays, iron oxyhydroxides) within the alluvium ll of the aquifers. However, little is known about the effect of the enrichment factors for F and As in this area. Natural enrichment factors include evaporation, Ca/Na, and competitive adsorption and desorption from solid phases. This study used 1,237 groundwater quality data measurements from 305 sampling sites collected between 2012 and 2019 in the state of Durango in north-central Mexico. To determine the contribution of enrichment factors to As and F content, the study area was divided into four sections, two being in the mountainous part of the state and two in the high plateaus. The data were compared among sections and analyzed using Spearman correlation and Piper and Block diagrams. The results indicate that the main solute enrichment mechanism are evaporation and weathering of silicates and evaporites. Among the four sections, As, pH, and HCO 3 seemed not to vary, F varied slightly, and nitrate and total dissolved solids varied the most. The lack of variation in As among sections is associated to its strong adsorption to clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides, whereas the diminished F content in the eastern sections is likely linked to the adsorption of F to precipitating calcite (, since groundwater is saturated with respect to calcite ( SI calcite = 0.43) and undersaturated for uorite (SI uorite = -1.16). These processes shed light on the distribution of F and As in this area, and are likely operating in other states in northern Mexico and in semi-arid areas elsewhere.

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Arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in northern Mexico: spatial distribution and enrichment factors

Gutiérrez

Alarcón-Herrera

Gaytán-Alarcón

2022

Preprint

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North-central Mexico has groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) and fluoride (F). Based on the dispersion patterns of these solutes, their sources are linked to felsic volcanic rock fragments and secondary minerals (clays, iron oxyhydroxides) within the alluvium fill of the aquifers. However, little is known about the effect of the enrichment factors for F and As in this area. Natural enrichment factors include evaporation, Ca/Na, and competitive adsorption and desorption from solid phases. This study used 1,237 groundwater quality data measurements from 305 sampling sites collected between 2012 and 2019 in the state of Durango in north-central Mexico. To determine the contribution of enrichment factors to As and F content, the study area was divided into four sections, two being in the mountainous part of the state and two in the high plateaus. The data were compared among sections and analyzed using Spearman correlation and Piper and Block diagrams. The results indicate that the main solute enrichment mechanism are evaporation and weathering of silicates and evaporites. Among the four sections, As, pH, and HCO3 seemed not to vary, F varied slightly, and nitrate and total dissolved solids varied the most. The lack of variation in As among sections is associated to its strong adsorption to clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides, whereas the diminished F content in the eastern sections is likely linked to the adsorption of F to precipitating calcite (, since groundwater is saturated with respect to calcite ( SIcalcite= 0.43) and undersaturated for fluorite (SIfluorite = -1.16). These processes shed light on the distribution of F and As in this area, and are likely operating in other states in northern Mexico and in semi-arid areas elsewhere.

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Arsénico y flúor en agua subterránea de Chihuahua: su origen, enriquecimiento, y tratamientos posibles

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Impacto de factores de concentración en la calidad del agua subterránea en el norte-centro de México

Impacto de factores de concentración en la calidad del agua subterránea en el norte-centro de México

Arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in northern Mexico: spatial distribution and enrichment factors

Arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in northern Mexico: spatial distribution and enrichment factors

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