Fluorescent Materials With Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Array-Based Sensing Assay

Abstract

Array-based sensing is a powerful tool for identifying analytes in complex environments with unknown interferences. In array-based sensing, the sensors, which transduce binding details to signal outputs, are of crucial importance for identifying analytes. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) enjoy the advantages of easy synthesis and high sensitivity, which enable them to facilely form a sensor pool through structural modifications and sensitively reflect the subtle changes associated with binding events. All these features make AIEgens excellent candidates for array-based sensing, and attempts have been made by several research groups to explore their potentials in array-based sensing. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses of employing AIEgens as sensors in sensing assays and in building up sensor arrays for identification of varied biological analytes, including biomolecules and bacteria. Examples are selected to illustrate the working mechanism, probe design and selection, capability of the sensor array, and implications of these sensing methods.

Phenotyping of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusUsing a Ratiometric Sensor Array

“…Owing to their simplicity, high sensitivity, and the ability to detect an analyte of interest in a non-invasive manner, small-molecule fluorescent probes are attracting increasing attention for bacterial detection. , For example, by targeting bacterial cell-wall components including peptidoglycans, , lipopolysaccharides, and trehalose mycolate, cell-division proteins FtsZ and FtsA, E. coli chemotactic proteins Tar and CheA, cytosolic bacterial proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, including nitroreductase, β-lactamase, and carbapenemase, the detection of a single bacterial species and identification of different types of bacteria − have been achieved. However, a simple and generalizable fluorescence-based approach that allows for the accurate classification of superbugs is still lacking.…”

Array‐Based Biosensors for Bacteria Detection: From the Perspective of Recognition

“…[1,2] Bacterial identification, especially distinguishing different bacterial species in a mixed sample of various bacteria, is crucially important that can guide the treatment of bacterial infection. [3] Current techniques for bacterial identification rely on culturebased method or molecular biotechnology such as polymerase chain reaction, which requires either long-running process or complicated instruments, unable to meet the requirements of Array-based biosensors have shown as effective and powerful tools to distinguish intricate mixtures with infinitesimal differences among analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, microorganisms, and other biomolecules. In arraybased bacterial sensing, the recognition of bacteria is the initial step that can crucially influence the analytical performance of a biosensor array.…”

“…[ 1,2 ] Bacterial identification, especially distinguishing different bacterial species in a mixed sample of various bacteria, is crucially important that can guide the treatment of bacterial infection. [ 3 ] Current techniques for bacterial identification rely on culture‐based method or molecular biotechnology such as polymerase chain reaction, which requires either long‐running process or complicated instruments, unable to meet the requirements of rapidness and high throughput in clinical settings. [ 4–6 ] Optical and electrochemical methods can provide facile readouts for bacteria analysis.…”

Materials with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for applications in diagnosis, theragnosis, disease mechanism study and personalized medicine

“…The strong solid-state emission of AIEgens makes them excellent candidates for solid-state applications, while the fluorescence responses of AIEgens upon forming aggregates or disaggregation facilitate the construction of variable sensing systems based on AIEgens. As such, lots of attempts have been made to explore their practical applications in sensing, [10][11][12] imaging, 13-21 display [22][23][24][25] and smart materials [26][27][28][29][30] . Intriguingly, some AIEgens demonstrate the ability to sensitize the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation.…”