Fluorescent Imprinted Nanoparticles for the Effective Monitoring of Irinotecan in Human Plasma

Abstract

Fluorescent, imprinted nanosized polymers for the detection of irinotecan have been synthesised using a napthalimide polymerisable derivative (2-allyl-6-[2-(aminoethyl)-amino] napthalimide) as functional monomer. The imprinted polymers contain ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker and were prepared by high dilution radical polymerisation in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The material was able to rebind irinotecan up to 18 nmol/mg with good specificity. Fluorescence emission at 525 nm (excitation at 448 nm) was quenched by increasing concentrations of irinotecan via a static mechanism and also in analytically useful environments as mixtures of human plasma and organic solvents. This allowed the direct detection of irinotecan (in the 10–30 μM range) in human plasma treated with acetonitrile; the limit of detection (LOD) was 9.4 nM, with within-run variability of 10% and day-to-day variability of 13%.

Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids

“…A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensing approach for the detection of the chemotherapeutic irinotecan at nM concentrations (LOD, 16 nM) in water containing 75% acetonitrile and in deproteinized human plasma was recently reported by Toffoli, Resmini, Berti, and coworkers (N9.7 in Figure 223). 956 The MIP was prepared by radical polymerization of acrylamides in the presence of irinotecan as the binding pocket template. Specifically, the reaction mixture was composed of acrylamide (monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinker), and 7-acryloyloxy-coumarin (fluorescent dye).…”

Fluorescent Imprinted Nanoparticles for Sensing of Chlorogenic Acid in Coffee Extracts

“…This tendency could probably indicate that the interactions between functional monomers and templates occur in a very similar way, between both imprinted and non-imprinted polymers, with a prevalence for the non-specific interactions. Other molecularly imprinted polymers reported in the literature, using a mimic template, have shown similarly favorable performances between MIPs and NIPs, This tendency of the polymer to aggregate can be due to the presence of 4VP, as well as due to other polar groups in the polymeric matrix, since the formation of aggregates in polymers containing 4VP have already been reported in the literature [16,17].…”

“…More recently, we also developed fluorescent MIPs for the analysis of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol in aqueous olive leaves extracts using the non-covalent approach [16], as well as for the detection of irinotecan in human plasma using a napthalimide polymerisable derivative (2-allyl-6-[2-(aminoethyl)-amino]napthalimide) as a functional monomer [17].…”