“…As revealed in Figures and , the variation of the temperature‐dependent emission and excitation intensities synchronize with the thermally induced spin crossover, which clearly indicate correlation between the spin crossover and the fluorescence in these compounds . The mechanism of this correlation should be related to the energy transfer between the ferrous ions and the fluorophores.…”
The grafts of fluorophores 9-anthraldehyde (AD) and 9-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde (PD), respectively, on the one-dimensional spin-crossover compound [Fe(L) ](ClO ) (FeL, L=4-amino-1,2,4-triazole) by post-synthetic aldimine condensation reactions produced two spin-crossover (SCO)-fluorescent hybrid materials, that is, FeL-AD and FeL-PD. The spin-crossover critical temperatures of the two materials both centered at T ↓=254 and T ↑=256 K, whereas the fluorescence intensities of the two materials featured functions of the temperature that strictly synchronized with the spin-crossover processes, which showed that the ligand-centered fluorescence was dominated by the spin states of the ferrous ions. The bifunctional entities (spin-crossover centers and fluorophores) in FeL-AD or FeL-PD showed spectral band overlap that purported the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism of such spin-crossover-fluorescence correlation. The post-synthetic modification of SCO materials and the relationship between the fluorescence and the SCO may be helpful in the development of multifunctional materials that can be sensitive to multiple stimuli.
“…As revealed in Figures and , the variation of the temperature‐dependent emission and excitation intensities synchronize with the thermally induced spin crossover, which clearly indicate correlation between the spin crossover and the fluorescence in these compounds . The mechanism of this correlation should be related to the energy transfer between the ferrous ions and the fluorophores.…”
The grafts of fluorophores 9-anthraldehyde (AD) and 9-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde (PD), respectively, on the one-dimensional spin-crossover compound [Fe(L) ](ClO ) (FeL, L=4-amino-1,2,4-triazole) by post-synthetic aldimine condensation reactions produced two spin-crossover (SCO)-fluorescent hybrid materials, that is, FeL-AD and FeL-PD. The spin-crossover critical temperatures of the two materials both centered at T ↓=254 and T ↑=256 K, whereas the fluorescence intensities of the two materials featured functions of the temperature that strictly synchronized with the spin-crossover processes, which showed that the ligand-centered fluorescence was dominated by the spin states of the ferrous ions. The bifunctional entities (spin-crossover centers and fluorophores) in FeL-AD or FeL-PD showed spectral band overlap that purported the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism of such spin-crossover-fluorescence correlation. The post-synthetic modification of SCO materials and the relationship between the fluorescence and the SCO may be helpful in the development of multifunctional materials that can be sensitive to multiple stimuli.
“…This observation has consequences for the design of fluorescent spin-crossover compounds, which have been pursued by several groups with mixed success. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] The strongest coupling between spin-crossover and emission has been achieved using remote fluorophores tethered to iron complex centers, either in individual molecules 40,41 or more complex nanostructures. 42,43 This antenna effect may be a more promising approach towards multifunctional fluorescent switches, than compounds where the emissive group is directly ligated to the iron center as in this work.…”
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ABSTRACTReaction of 2,6-difluoropyridine with 2 equiv indazole and NaH at room temperature affords a mixture of 2,6-bis(indazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-bip), 2-(indazol-1-yl)-6-(indazol-2-yl)pyridine (1,2-bip) and 2,6-bis(indazol-2-yl)pyridine (2-bip), which can be separated by solvent extraction. A two-step procedure using the same conditions also affords both 2-(indazol-1-yl)-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-ipp) and 2-(indazol-1-yl)-6-(pyrazol-2-yl)pyridine (2-ipp). These are all annelated analogues of 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine, an important ligand for spin-crossover complexes.Iron (
“…Combining SCO and fluorescence in a single material dates back to the first report on a Ni(II) tetraaza-macrocyclic complex [435] followed by iron(II) SCO complexes studied as thin films [436]. In general, fluorescence quenching was observed in one spin state, as found for the heterodinuclear triple helicate iron(II) complex including a luminescent ion (Eu) [437] or for the 1D-1,2,4-triazole iron(II) chain including pyrene [438].…”
SummaryThe article deals with coordination compounds of iron(II) that may exhibit thermally induced spin transition, known as spin crossover, depending on the nature of the coordinating ligand sphere. Spin transition in such compounds also occurs under pressure and irradiation with light. The spin states involved have different magnetic and optical properties suitable for their detection and characterization. Spin crossover compounds, though known for more than eight decades, have become most attractive in recent years and are extensively studied by chemists and physicists. The switching properties make such materials potential candidates for practical applications in thermal and pressure sensors as well as optical devices.The article begins with a brief description of the principle of molecular spin state switching using simple concepts of ligand field theory. Conditions to be fulfilled in order to observe spin crossover will be explained and general remarks regarding the chemical nature that is important for the occurrence of spin crossover will be made. A subsequent section describes the molecular consequences of spin crossover and the variety of physical techniques usually applied for their characterization. The effects of light irradiation (LIESST) and application of pressure are subjects of two separate sections. The major part of this account concentrates on selected spin crossover compounds of iron(II), with particular emphasis on the chemical and physical influences on the spin crossover behavior. The vast variety of compounds exhibiting this fascinating switching phenomenon encompasses mono-, oligo- and polynuclear iron(II) complexes and cages, polymeric 1D, 2D and 3D systems, nanomaterials, and polyfunctional materials that combine spin crossover with another physical or chemical property.
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