Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the stratosphere

Immler, Franz; Engelbart, D.; Schrems, Otto

doi:10.5194/acpd-4-5831-2004

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Deep convection that is triggered or enhanced by forest fires (pyroconvection) can even deposit burning by‐products in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere [ Fromm and Servranckx , 2003, 2005; Livesey et al , 2004; Immler et al , 2005; Jost et al , 2004]. Andreae et al [2004] proposed that burning‐derived aerosols can affect cloud microphysics such that latent heating at high altitudes is enhanced, thereby increasing the height of a storm.…”

Section: Meteorological Peculiarities Of the Intex‐na Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America

et al. 2007

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[1] Meteorological conditions are described during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America (INTEX-NA) that was conducted over the United States during July and August 2004. Relatively zonal flow dominated the contiguous United States during the first 2 weeks of the mission, while a series of large amplitude troughs traversed the eastern half of the country during the final 4 weeks. These troughs were accompanied by cold fronts reaching the Gulf of Mexico, an uncommon occurrence during August. Frontal passages over the northeast were somewhat above average, but the short time interval between passages precluded the formation of stagnant high-pressure centers containing abundant pollution. Atmospheric chemistry during INTEX-NA was heavily influenced by record-breaking fires over Alaska and western Canada. Persistent high pressure over Alaska provided ideal conditions for the wildfires and for transporting their burning by-products southeastward toward the INTEX domain where they were sampled frequently by INTEX aircraft. Forward trajectories and satellite imagery showed that the plumes later were carried to parts of Europe, Africa, and even the Arctic.

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Section: Meteorological Peculiarities Of the Intex‐na Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America

et al. 2007

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“…Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique, widely used for the in-situ monitoring of atmospheric organic particles (Pan et al, 2007(Pan et al, , 2015Miyakawa et al, 2015;Huffman et al, 2019). The synergy of fluorimetry and lidar technology provides an opportunity to perform such monitoring remotely (Immler et al, 2005;Rao et al, 2018;Saito et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of Mie-Raman and fluorescence lidar observations for improving aerosol characterization: feasibility experiment

Veselovskii¹,

Hu²,

Goloub³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. To study the feasibility of a fluorescence lidar for aerosol characterization, the fluorescence channel is added to LILAS – multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar of Lille University, France. A part of fluorescence spectrum is selected by the interference filter of 44 nm bandwidth centered at 466 nm. Such an approach has demonstrated high sensitivity, allowing to detect fluorescence signal from weak aerosol layers (backscattering coefficient at 1064 nm is below 0.02 Mm−1 sr−1) up to a height of 5000 m. Simultaneous detection of nitrogen Raman and fluorescence backscatters allows to quantify the fluorescence backscattering coefficient. Observations were performed during November 2019–February 2020 period. The fluorescence capacity (ratio of fluorescence to elastic backscattering coefficients) varied in a wide range, being the highest for the smoke and the lowest for the dust particles. The fluorescence capacity depends as well strongly on the relative humidity, because the water uptake at the condition of high RH increases the elastic backscattering, without significant modification of the fluorescence. Thus, simultaneous measurements of Mie-Raman and fluorescence lidars open opportunity for the study of the particle hygroscopic growth. The fluorescence technique can be used also for monitoring the aerosol inside the cloud layers. The results presented demonstrate, that aerosol and cloud particles can be mixed both externally and internally. When the cloud is formed at the top or inside the aerosol layer (such scenario can be probably considered as internal mixing) we observed significant (up to factor 5) increase of fluorescence backscattering. Among possible mechanisms of such enhancement we can assume modification of the scattering phase function of the particles embedded in the water microspheres and the lens effect due to the water shell presence.

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“…Furthermore, the radiation absorption by black carbon particles emitted by the fires and the associated heating of the atmosphere above the cloud tops could lead to further lifting after the initial convective injection into the UT/LS region. While the relative importance of these different mechanisms is not clear, several recent papers have presented cases where pyro-convection transported forest fire emissions relatively deep into the stratosphere, using satellite (Fromm et al, 2003;Livesey et al, 2004), lidar (Immler et al, 2005; and aircraft (Jost et al, 2004) observations. Some of the observations (e.g., Jost et al, 2004) even show that the emission products can be transported to levels in the stratosphere with potential temperatures above 380 K, a region that is commonly referred to as the stratospheric overworld.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Modelling of a pyro-convection event in Alaska

Damoah¹,

Spichtinger²,

Servranckx³

et al. 2005

Preprint

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Abstract. Summer 2004 saw severe forest fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory that were mostly triggered by lightning strikes. The area burned (>2.7×106 ha) in the year 2004 was the highest on record to date in Alaska. Pollutant emissions from the fires lead to violation of federal standards for air quality in Fairbanks. This paper studies deep convection events that occurred in the burning regions at the end of June 2004. The convection was likely enhanced by the strong forest fire activity (so-called pyro-convection) and penetrated into the lower stratosphere, up to about 3 km above the tropopause. Emissions from the fires did not only perturb the UT/LS locally, but also regionally. POAM data at the approximate location of Edmonton (53.5° N, 113.5° W) show that the UT/LS aerosol extinction was enhanced by a factor of 4 relative to unperturbed conditions. Simulations with the particle dispersion model FLEXPART with the deep convective transport scheme turned on showed transport of forest fire emissions into the stratosphere, in qualitatively good agreement with the enhancements seen in the POAM data. A corresponding simulation with the deep convection scheme turned off did not result in such deep vertical transport. Lidar measurements at Wisconsin on 30 June also show the presence of substantial aerosol loading in the UT/LS, up to about 13 km. In fact, the FLEXPART results suggest that this aerosol plume originated from the Yukon Territory on 25 June.

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Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the stratosphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America

Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America

Combined use of Mie-Raman and fluorescence lidar observations for improving aerosol characterization: feasibility experiment

Transport Modelling of a pyro-convection event in Alaska

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