“…Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have shown emerging significant promise as solid-state lightings and displays ( Li et al, 2020 ; Zvaigzne et al, 2020 ), sensors ( Koeppel et al, 2007 ; Liang et al, 2021 ), biomedicine ( Zvaigzne et al, 2016 ; Pashazadeh-Panahi and Hasanzadeh, 2019 ), biological labeling ( Bai et al, 2020 ), solar cell ( Xu T. et al, 2021 ; Ostadebrahim and Dehghani, 2021 ), and laser physics ( Nautiyal et al, 2021 ; Tsuji et al, 2021 ) owing to their superior optoelectronic properties such as high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) (PLQY), narrow emission bandwidth, size-controlled tunable emission wavelength, and high photochemical stability and durability ( Zhang et al, 2015 ; Li Q. et al, 2016 ; Harris et al, 2016 ; Leach and Macdonald, 2016 ; Giansante and Infante, 2017 ; Owen and Brus, 2017 ; Ghosh and Manna, 2018 ). In particular, QDs are considered to be the candidate materials with the most potential for application in the next generation of lightings and displays ( Moon and Chae, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2021 ; Kıbrıslı et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Yuan et al, 2021 ).…”