Fluid-Feeding Mouthparts

Krenn, Harald W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_3

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…This is also the case in most suctorial insects with a similarly structured pumping chamber (Fig. 4) (8,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). During fluid intake, the posterior sphincter muscle closes the sucking pump posteriorly in Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, and Siphonorhinidae, similar to Lepidoptera (35,43).…”

Section: Fig 4 Sucking Pumps and Their Functional Components In Arthr...mentioning

confidence: 55%

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A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods

et al. 2022

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We report fluid feeding with a sucking pump in the arthropod class Diplopoda, using a combination of synchrotron tomography, histology, electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions. Within the head of nine species of the enigmatic Colobognatha, we found a pumping chamber, which acts as positive displacement pump and is notably similar to that of insects, showing even fine structural convergences. The sucking pump of these millipedes works together with protractible mouthparts and externally secreted saliva for the acquisition of liquid food. Fluid feeding is one of the great evolutionary innovations of terrestrial arthropods, and our study suggests that it evolved with similar biomechanical solutions convergent across all major arthropod taxa. While fluid-feeding insects are megadiverse today, it remains unclear why other lineages, such as Colobognatha, are comparably species poor.

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Section: Fig 4 Sucking Pumps and Their Functional Components In Arthr...mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The basic pattern of the colobognathan pumping chamber resembles that of various suctorial insects like the Hemiptera (33,34), Lepidoptera (8,35), some Hymenoptera (36,37), Diptera (38), Siphonaptera (8), and Thysanoptera (11,38,39) (Fig. 4 and table S4).…”

Section: Fig 4 Sucking Pumps and Their Functional Components In Arthr...mentioning

confidence: 95%

A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods

et al. 2022

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“…Indeed, these invaginations of the foregut, the plicae sensu Fontanetti et al (2015) are present in all studied millipede taxa (Fontanetti et al, 2015), including mainly biting–chewing representatives. We suggest that negative pressure is mainly generated by the pharyngeal dilator muscles of the head, although a real sucking pump as present in suctorial insects like Hemiptera (Forbes, 1977; Krenn, 2019) and Lepidoptera (Eberhard & Krenn, 2005; Krenn, 2019) is absent in the Platydesmida. Therefore, Verhoeff’s (1911–1914) description as slurping (“Schlürfen” sensu Verhoeff) might be a more suitable term than sucking for the feeding mode of the Platydesmida.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

First steps toward suctorial feeding in millipedes: Comparative morphology of the head of the Platydesmida (Diplopoda: Colobognatha)

Moritz‍

Blanke

Hammel³

et al. 2021

Invertebrate Biology

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Although most millipedes (Diplopoda) show a biting–chewing feeding mode, representatives of the so‐called Colobognatha (Platydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Siphonophorida), with their more or less reduced mouthparts, are assumed to have evolved a suctorial feeding mode, which enables them to exploit food sources like algal film and fungi hyphae. The Platydesmida are viewed as the key taxon for the understanding of mouthpart adaptations in Colobognatha, as their mouthpart elements still closely resemble those of biting–chewing millipedes. Studies of the skeletomuscular system of the Platydesmida are rare, impeding further understanding of the mouthpart evolution in millipedes. To overcome this impediment in the understanding of millipede evolution, we study the internal morphology of the head in specimens from four genera of Platydesmida: Brachycybe lecontii, Dolistenus spp., Gosodesmus claremontus, and Pseudodesmus spp. Although all Platydesmida show similarly structured skeletal elements and accompanying musculature, they are distinct from all other Diplopoda. Their head lacks eyes and organs of Tömösváry, and is pyriform and posteriorly bulging, overlapping the collum. The narrow mandibles are hidden underneath the broad genae. A previously described gnathochilarial postmentum is absent. Muscle attachment sites, such as the transverse mandibular tendon and the median septum, are reduced. The strong modifications of the head capsule, mandibles, and musculature limit the movability of the mandible for biting–chewing motions based on simulations of possible gape angles. Platydesmida likely show a scraping and slurping feeding mode, which is facilitated by the comparably well‐developed pharyngeal dilator muscles. We suggest that the Platydesmida show an intermediate state between the biting–chewing millipedes and the other suctorially feeding Colobognatha.

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“…Various kinds of liquid food are the primary food source of most adult Hymenoptera. Their mouthparts evolved various specializations for fluid uptake and often form a proboscis for the extraction of floral nectar in flower-visiting taxa [1,2]. Many Hymenoptera evolved a more or less elongated labio-maxillary complex that functions either as a licking organ or a siphoning proboscis [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration of Nutritional Fluids in the German Wasp Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Kuba

Krenn

2022

Insects

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The mouthparts of Vespidae have evolved to forage various solid and liquid foods, such as animal prey, carbohydrate-rich fluids, as well as woody fibres for nest construction. Before nutritional fluids are ingested into the crop, bigger particles need to be filtered out. This study examined the functional morphology of the mouthparts, the preoral cavity, and the proximal alimentary tract inside the head focusing on this filtration process. The feeding organs and preoral cavity were studied using µCT and SEM that were complimented by feeding experiments with glass beads in workers of Vespula germanica. To visualize fluid ingestion into the head and alimentary tract, barium sulfate solution was used as contrast agent; a method that is rarely applied in entomology. Experimental results indicate that large glass beads (>212 µm) were filtered by the mouthpart structures before entering the preoral cavity. Smaller glass beads (152–212 µm) were found inside the infrabuccal pocket in front of the mouth. Morphological evidence indicates that cuticle structures of the epipharynx, hypopharynx, and cibarium filter this particle size inside the preoral cavity while glass beads < 152 µm reach the crop. A double fluid filtration system is proposed that is formed by (1) bristles of the mouthparts and (2) microtrichia of the preoral cavity.

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Fluid-Feeding Mouthparts

Cited by 12 publications

References 145 publications

A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods

A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods

First steps toward suctorial feeding in millipedes: Comparative morphology of the head of the Platydesmida (Diplopoda: Colobognatha)

Filtration of Nutritional Fluids in the German Wasp Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

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